cells and tissues Flashcards

1
Q

functions of cells

A
  • cell metabolism
  • energy use
  • synthesis of molecules
  • communication
  • reproduction and inheritance
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2
Q

plasma membrane

A

encloses and supports cellular contents
- lipid bilayer
- controls what goes in and out of the cell

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3
Q

ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

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4
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

synthesis and modification of proteins
- ribosomes attached to sides

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5
Q

nucleolus

A

produces ribsomes

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6
Q

nucleus

A

control centre of cell

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7
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

modifies, packages and distributes proteins and lipids

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8
Q

mitochondria

A

power plant of the cell

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9
Q

centrosome

A

contains centrioles, where cell division occurs

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10
Q

microfilaments

A

support for microvilli, contractibility and movement

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11
Q

microtubules

A

internal scaffold, cell division and transport

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12
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

site of lipid, steroid and carbohydrate synthesis

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13
Q

lysosome

A

cell demolition crew, digests molecules no longer needed within the cell

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14
Q

cytoplasm

A

fluid material within the cell
- contains cytosol and organelles

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15
Q

micrvilli

A

increase the cells surface area
- dont move

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16
Q

intermediate filaments

A

mechanical strength

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17
Q

cilia

A

movement of substances across the cells surface

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18
Q

distinguish between cytoplasm, cytosol and cytoskeleton

A

cytoplasm - cellular fluid containing organelles
cytosol - intracellular fluid contain mixture of water, salts, dissolved ions and organic molecules
cytoskeleton - gives shape to a cell, provides strength, stabilise the organelles

19
Q

structure of cell membrane

A
  • phospholipid bilayer
  • hydrophilic heads
  • hydrophobic tails
  • contain carboyhdrates proteins
20
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

21
Q

4 main types of primary tissue

A
  • epithelial tissue
  • connective tissue
  • muscle tissue
  • nervous tissue
22
Q

epithelial tissue characteristics

A
  • covers and protects
  • avascular (no blood supply)
  • ability to regenerate
  • line tubing and the skin
    lots of cells, little extracellular matrix
  • free surface and basic surface
23
Q

muscular tissue characteristics

A

contracts with force to cause movement
- 3 kinds skeletal cardiac and smooth
skeletal - contract to move body
cardiac - contract to pump blood around the body
smooth - contract to decreased size of organ eg bladder during urination

24
Q

connective tissue characteristics

A
  • diverse in structure and function
  • fews cells
  • lots of extracellular material
  • tendons and ligaments connect tissue together
  • bone and cartilage support the body
  • cover and protect organs
25
nervous tissue characteristics
- info processing and conduction of signals quickly throughout the body - neurons and supporting neurological cells
26
what type of cells have large numbers of mitochondria
- kidney, liver muscle - higher energy requirements
27
what cells are multinucleate
skeletal muscle cells - require more regulation eg muscle cells require the constant synthesis of enzymes and proteins for their function
28
what cells have large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
liver cells - detoxify harmful substances adrenal glands - producing cortisol
29
what cells have a well developed and extensive Golgi apparatus
- secretory cells eg goblet cells, plasma cells
30
cell layers
simple - single layer of cells stratified - more then one layer pseudo stratified - looks like more then one layer but isn't they are just different shapes
31
cell shapes
squamous - thin flat cells cuboidal - cube shaped columnar - tall cells transitional - can change from tall to flatter
32
function of basement membrane that lies under epithelial cells
support base / anchoring layer for epithelial cells, forms part of the epithelial barrier
33
3 types of simple epithelium
1. simple sqaumous - blood vessels 2. simple cuboidal - glands for secretion and absorption 3. simple columnar - lines stomach for protection, secretion and absorption
34
two types of stratified squamous epithelium
keratinized - skin, waterproofing nonkeratinized - vagina, rectum, anus - physical protection against abrasion, pathogens
35
3 types of stratified epithelium
stratified squamous - keratinised and non keratinised stratified cuboidal - ducts of sweat glands for absorption and secretion stratified columnar - larynx secretion and protection
36
pseudo stratified columnar
pharynx, trachea - secretion and movement only type of pseudo stratified cells doesn't exist in squamous, cuboidal or transitional
37
composition of connective tissue
- cells - ground substance fibers
38
proper connective tissue
loose - areolar, adipose, reticular dense - regular, irregular and elastic
39
classes of connective tissue
- connective tissue proper - cartilage - bone - blood
40
cartilage
avascular - provides protections, flexibility 3 types: - hyaline cartilage - fibrocartilage - elastic cartilage
41
bone
- supports and protects body structure two types - spongy bone - compact bone
42
blood
- doest provide support - transport for nutrients, wastes and gases
43
Are all cells in the body the same?
No, different cells have their own structural specialties that allow them to perform a particular function