cells and tissues Flashcards
functions of cells
- cell metabolism
- energy use
- synthesis of molecules
- communication
- reproduction and inheritance
plasma membrane
encloses and supports cellular contents
- lipid bilayer
- controls what goes in and out of the cell
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
rough endoplasmic reticulum
synthesis and modification of proteins
- ribosomes attached to sides
nucleolus
produces ribsomes
nucleus
control centre of cell
Golgi apparatus
modifies, packages and distributes proteins and lipids
mitochondria
power plant of the cell
centrosome
contains centrioles, where cell division occurs
microfilaments
support for microvilli, contractibility and movement
microtubules
internal scaffold, cell division and transport
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
site of lipid, steroid and carbohydrate synthesis
lysosome
cell demolition crew, digests molecules no longer needed within the cell
cytoplasm
fluid material within the cell
- contains cytosol and organelles
micrvilli
increase the cells surface area
- dont move
intermediate filaments
mechanical strength
cilia
movement of substances across the cells surface
distinguish between cytoplasm, cytosol and cytoskeleton
cytoplasm - cellular fluid containing organelles
cytosol - intracellular fluid contain mixture of water, salts, dissolved ions and organic molecules
cytoskeleton - gives shape to a cell, provides strength, stabilise the organelles
structure of cell membrane
- phospholipid bilayer
- hydrophilic heads
- hydrophobic tails
- contain carboyhdrates proteins
histology
study of tissues
4 main types of primary tissue
- epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
- muscle tissue
- nervous tissue
epithelial tissue characteristics
- covers and protects
- avascular (no blood supply)
- ability to regenerate
- line tubing and the skin
lots of cells, little extracellular matrix - free surface and basic surface
muscular tissue characteristics
contracts with force to cause movement
- 3 kinds skeletal cardiac and smooth
skeletal - contract to move body
cardiac - contract to pump blood around the body
smooth - contract to decreased size of organ eg bladder during urination
connective tissue characteristics
- diverse in structure and function
- fews cells
- lots of extracellular material
- tendons and ligaments connect tissue together
- bone and cartilage support the body
- cover and protect organs