Comp Test Flashcards
Set of guiding moral principles that governs a person’s choice of action
Code of ethics
Personal comfort zones that help a person maintain a sense of comfort and safety
Boundaries
Discussions that take place when both persons are at the same height minimize the
Power differential
When is it OK to massage breast tissue?
Only when therapy indicated, and after gaining informed consent before massage begins
Define the power differential in a practitioner/client relationship
Inherent power differential is present that favors the practitioner, whereas the client is in a more vulnerable position
Explain some signs of a client’s discomfort
Fidgeting, withdrawn, grimacing
Who has the advantage in the power differential between client and practitioner?
Practitioner
When a client personalizes either negative or positive a therapeutic relationship by unconsciously projecting characteristics of someone from a former relationship onto a therapist or practitioner
Transference
When a therapist or practitioner personalizes a therapeutic relationship by unconsciously projecting characteristics of someone from a former relationship onto a client
almost always detrimental
Countertransference
Name some signs of counter transfers
Thinking about a client excessively between sessions
Maintaining healthy professional boundaries is the best defense against
transference and countertransference
Any situation that combines the therapeutic relationship with a secondary relationship that extends beyond practitioner client relationship
Dual relationship
You’re visiting the Saturday market and you bump into your client. Should you initiate contact?
No, only if they initiate with you
What is bartering?
Another form of dual relationship
If feelings or attraction develops on the part of the client, what should the practitioner do in response?
Maintain and uphold professional boundaries
Hostile, aggressive, casual, pleasurable, sensual, erotic, and therapeutic are
7 Classifications of Touch
The same nerve plexus that controls the lower abdomen, buttocks and thighs, also controls the
Genitals
During a massage, a spontaneous erection or arousal might become
Uncomfortable or fearful for the practitioner, client or both
Why does an experience LMT make the best mentor for a new practitioner?
Can provide insight into many aspects of developing a successful massage business or practice
Ability to set positive goals, and achieve them
Self motivation
The study of the gross structure of the body or the study of an organism and the interrelations of its parts
Anatomy
The study and science of the vital processes, mechanism and functions of an organ or system of organs
Physiology
The scientific study of muscular activity and the mechanics of body movement
Kinesiology
The study of structural and functional changes caused by disease
Pathology
Subjective evidence of disease or bodily disorder
Symptom
Where is the stress or “fight or flight” hormone epinephrine produced?
Adrenal glands
Five primary sensations of the body
Heat, cold, pain, touch, pressure
Define systemic infection
Spread throughout the body
What’s the potential damage when a fever over 106° is present?
Damage to tissue, liver, organs, brain, and can cause death
_______ of the central nervous system that are injured by trauma or infection repair very slowly or not at all
Neurons
When the wound is healed, this span of fiberous connective tissue is called
Scar tissue
What does -5 indicate on the wellness scale?
Severe illness combined with bad attitude
A colorless, jelly-like substance that contains food elements like protein, fats, carbs, mineral salts, and water
Protoplasm
Process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
Anabolism
During embryonic stage this forms the glands of skin, nails, nervous system, lining of the mouth, anal canal, epidermis and hair
Ectodermal
The membrane covering the cartilage
Perichondrium
Composed of neurons and initiates, controls and coordinates the bodies adaptations to its surroundings
Nervous tissue
What kind of tissue has an abundance of fat cells? (AKA Areolar Tissue)
Adipose
Imaginary line the divides the body into anterior and posterior halves
Coronal plane
What are the two dorsal cavities?
Brain and spinal
What does the Stratum spinosum consist of?
Irregularly shaped cells containing melanin
Egg shaped preceptors found throughout subcutaneous layers and are sensitive to vibration and pressure
Pacinian Corpuscles
Fan like muscles connected to the base of the follicle and positioned in such a way they contract in response to cold and emotional stimuli, creating “goosebumps”
Arrector Pili
List locations of long bones
Legs, arms, fingers, and toes
In the axial skeleton, what forms a protective cage for the lungs, heart sternum?
Thoracic cage
Define Synarthrotic Joints
(give example)
Immovable joints
ex. skull sutures
Define ball and socket joints (give example)
Permits greatest range of motion
ex. Shoulders and hips
In older women, a fracture after a minor accident is often an indication of what?
Osteoporosis
The origin of a muscle is generally located closer or farther from the center of the body?
Closer to
Muscles that assist the primary muscle of an action
Synergy muscles
What does dorsal mean (related to the body)
Behind or in back of
What is the pericardium?
Double layered membrane that encloses the heart
The relaxation and enlargement of arterial walls
Vasodilation
The smallest microscopic thin- walled blood vessels are called
Capillaries
Blood exits the right ventricle of the heart and travels to the
Lungs
________ is a mass of blood trapped in some tissue or cavity of the body and is the result of internal bleeding
Hematoma
What is the function of serotonin in relation to blood clotting?
Platelets release serotonin, which is a vasoconstrictor that causes a vascular spasm closing the blood vessels
What part of the lymphatic system does the actual filtering?
Lymph nodes
The thoracic duct receives lymph from
Legs, left arm, left side of head, neck, chest and abdomen
What pathology is indicated when CD4 + T–cells fall below 200 per cubic millimeter of blood
AIDS or HIV
The transmission of HIV requires three simultaneous conditions. What are they?
High concentration of the virus, a proper environment, and a port of entry
Carries nerve impulses from the brain to the effectors
Motor neuron
What is the Dura Mater?
The outermost layer of the meninges
The Autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system are the two parts of the
Peripheral nervous system
What is unique about the sciatic nerve?
Longest and largest nerve in the body
Autonomic nervous system is responsible for
Regulating smooth muscles, the heart and other involuntary functions
Reduced heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure, and increased digestion are all effects of __________ _______ ________ activity
Parasympathetic nervous system
Soft tissue, such as muscle, fascia, tendon or ligament that puts pressure against a nerve causes what?
Nerve entrapment
What maintains the relationship between the nervous and endocrine system?
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
Where does the pituitary gland live?
In the head
Name the three hormones produced by the thyroid
Thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin
What are islets of Langerhans?
Specialized cells that produce the hormones glucagon and insulin
What gland is found on the top of each kidney?
Adrenal glands
What two hormones are produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen and progesterone
Highly infectious airborne disease that can spread through the body
Tuberculosis
What is the alimentary canal?
Muscular tube that goes from the lips to the anus
Wave like muscular movement that propels material through the alimentary canal
Peristalsis
What is the purpose of the Villi in the small intestine?
Greatly increases the surface area available for absorption
S shaped bend in the colon that connects to the colon that empties into the rectum
Sigmoid
Hormone produced in the kidneys that act to regulate blood pressure
Renin
Any physical, emotional or mental condition that might cause a particular massage treatment to be unsafe or detrimental to the clients well-being
Contraindication
What massage strokes will cause the skin to warm or redden slightly?
Friction and stroking
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Brain and spinal cord
What does the peripheral nervous system include?
Autonomic, cranial nerves, spinal nerves
Both central and peripheral nervous system are part of the
Nervous system
The somatic motor neurons, and the sensory neurons make up the
Cranial and spinal nerves
What massage technique stimulates the peripheral nerve receptors
Percussion
________ seems to modify behavior in a way that counterbalances the effects of norepinephrine
Serotonin
Massage reduces the sensation of pain..how?
Increasing concentration of endorphins, enkephalins, and other pain reducing neurochemicals in the central nervous system and bloodstream.
inflammation of a vein accompanied by pain and swelling
Phlebitis
Name four effective communication skills
Speaking, listening, writing and body language
Name three ways you can personalize the connection with your client
Maintaining visual contact, using their name and listen attentively
Name three ways a client might indicate they are feeling discomfort, and the massage may need to be altered
Fidgeting, muscle contractions and flinching
Being with the client, waiting until a client has finished before speaking, repeating what client has said and gaining agreement from the client are the four ways you can practice
Active listening
after the initial consultation, what should you begin each follow up session with?
A short question-and-answer period to determine any changes in conditions or course of treatment.
Name the five policies and procedures you should discuss during your initial consultation
Types of services offered, session procedures, qualifications, business policies, and fees
Define your appointment policy
State that information shared during the session and all client files are confidential, except when subpoenaed by a court of law
Included in business policies
The clients health history may change, so updates are required whenever the health status has changed such as
New medication and diagnosis
What is a body diagram used for?
Have client point out painful or stiff areas that require attention
What is the treatment plan?
Outline the practitioner can follow when giving massage treatments
What is the value of conducting a post session interview?
Evaluating the client’s massage experience in what techniques and modalities were effective
Putting a single line through the error and adding the new information is utilized when
Making corrections on handwritten records
Name the movement that occurs in the axial skeleton
Lateral flexion
Two areas of the body that pronation occurs and describe the movement
Radius crosses over the Ulna turning the palm down
Mid-Tarsal joint unlocks at mid stance and turns the foot inward
Name an area of the body that opposition occurs
The thumb
Name two ankle movements
Plantar Flexion and Dorsiflexion
Walking on the heels of your foot would be what ankle movement?
Dorsiflexion
Lateral deviation occurs in what area of the body?
Mandible
Plane of movement that divides the body into upper and lower parts
Transverse plane
When referring to the trunk of the body, which directional terms are used?
Cranial and Caudal
What is the directional term when the body structure is anatomically closer to the trunk?
Proximal
Where would a posterior structure of the body be located?
Closer to back of body than front
Where would a lateral structure of the body be located?
Further from midline of the body
When a structure is closer to the bodies surface, it is called
Superficial
Movement that bends a joint or brings bones closer together
Flexion
Moving a limb laterally away from the midline
Abduction
When the anterior surface of the thigh swings away from the midline
Lateral rotation of the thigh
Movement of the head and vertebral column along the transverse plane is called
Rotation
Which movements are used in circumduction?
Flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
Using the anatomical term, where is the popliteal?
Situated in the area posterior to the knee
What region of the body is the axillary located?
The armpit
Section of the skeleton that includes Vertebral column and ribs
Axial skeleton
What does the synovial joint contain besides synovial fluid?
Joint cavity
What movement is the ball and socket joint capable of?
Movement in every plane
Where is the ellipsoid joint found?
Radiocarpal/Wrist
Where is the gliding joint found?
Carpals and Tarsals
Articulation between the trapezium and first metacarpal of the thumb are an example of
A saddle joint on the hand
Malaria is a disease caused by a
Protozoa
What process limits the spread of infection and prepares an area for healing?
Inflammation
An x-linked genetic anomaly usually causes
Muscular dystrophy
Becker MD and Duchenne MD are the most common forms of
Muscular dystrophy
What condition would you passively dorsiflex the foot and work the Achilles tendon?
Cramp in calf that might be caused by dehydration or over exercising
What mineral aids in blood clotting, nerve transmission, and chemical buffering?
Calcium
What are some signs that a person may have ligament laxity and a risk of osteoarthritis?
If a sprain does not heal well
Jaw pain; loss of range of motion at the jaw; popping and clicking at the jaw might be
TMJ disorder
Describe how a ganglion cyst presents
Hard, painless lump often on the tendons of joints
Foot pain, calluses and ankle instability are likely to be symptoms of
Pes Caves
Neck injuries could cause symptoms of what syndrome?
Carpal tunnel
Small cumulative injuries in the annulus fibrosis leading to structural weakness
Degenerative disc disease
Atherosclerosis is most likely to lead to what conditions?
Arterial thrombus or arterial embolism
Bone fractures are one unique symptom that occurs in what type of blood cancer?
Myeloma
The inheritance of the positive gene from one parent is the leading cause of what trait?
Sickle cell trait
What type of massage could cause the adverse event of sickle cell crisis?
Damaged erythrocytes block a small artery or capillaries, preventing blood flow to the starving tissue
Rigorous massage
Endothelial damage from hypertension and other factors is the most reliable first step in developing what disease?
Atherosclerosis
Client is 42 and has lost 25 pounds in the last three months but is still 50 pounds overweight. He has had two heart attacks and a coronary bypass surgery. What is your best strategy?
Work within his capacity for adaptation, make accommodations for his medication’s
What is the best option for working with a client with Raynaud’s disease?
Work with them normally
Offer a paraffin bath to promote vasodilation if you have the facilities
Varicosities that are permanently dilated capillaries or venules clearly visible on the skin and occur on a very small scale
Talangiectasias
Multiple electrical impulses cause the atria to contract rapidly and weakly, which is the main contributing factor of what
Afib
When air rushes in to fill a vacuum created by thoracic muscles, it best describes
Inhalation
Genetic anomalies and/or exposure to pollutants cause irreversible damage to alveoli best describes which disease
Emphysema
What are radiation, cigarette smoke and asbestos well established in causing?
Cancer
When working on a client when and where do you use soap and warm water?
On your hands before touching a client
Five common modes of disease transmission
Ingestion, inhalation, direct contact with mucus membranes, skin contact, and invasion broken skin
Minute unicellular microorganisms exhibiting both plant and animal characteristics
Bacteria
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms
Viruses
Organisms that thrive in warm, moist environments.
Found mostly in humans on the skin and mucous membranes
Fungi
Name types of fungal infections
Candidas, athletes foot, ringworm, and vaginal yeast infection
Examples of parasites that affect humans
Ticks, fleas and mites
Head lice is considered a
Parasite
What machine could be used for sterilization?
Autoclaves (high pressure steam equipment)
When is the surface considered properly cleaned?
When the number of contaminants have been greatly reduced
What should contain an EPA registration number in a massage setting?
On any disinfectant
How long should it take to wash and brush the nails on both hands?
60 seconds
According to the standard precautions for massage practitioners, when should you put on gloves?
When there is potential exposure to blood, non-intact skin or other bodily fluids
When an exposure incident occurs, what should you do before cleansing the wound with antiseptic?
Glove up
A fresh bleach solution should be mixed every ______ or when the solution has been __________
24 hours, contaminated
Full sheet draping uses ONE ___________________ to cover the table and wrap the client
Full-size flat sheet
How does the use of Terry cloth wraps differ from men and women?
Cover breast tissue on women, around the waist for men
Where do you instruct your client to place the opening of the wrap/towel/sheet?
At their side
Name the three positions a client would lie on the massage table?
Prone, Supine, Side-lying
How do you position/bolster a client to take pressure off the cervical spine while prone?
Place a bolster under their chest
When your client is in the prone position, a bolster under the ankles prevents what?
Hyperextension of the knees/ankles
What’s a common alternative to a table massage for a client that cannot lie down?
Chair massage
After _________________________________, remember to keep in contact with the client‘s body throughout the procedure
Draping and applying lubricant to the part of the body to be massaged
How many times should your client have to change positions?
Only once or twice
When working on an area or performing a stroke what is the general rule?
Superficial to deep back to superficial
General to specific back to general
When applying lubricant to your hands, why do you rub your hands together?
To warm the lubricant to your body temperature
According to the order of treatment, what part of the body should you end your massage with?
The back
General arm massage: what is the steps before and after kneading the arm from shoulder to wrist?
Before: apply gliding to both the anterior and posterior aspect of the arm
After: apply gliding from the wrist to the shoulder
A repeated hand over hand gliding movement
Shingles stroke
Step two of procedure for general massage for the back of body
Beginning on the low back
What accommodations would you make while performing a face massage on a client wearing contact lenses
Avoid the eyes
Is it OK to use lubricant on a client scalp?
No
To complete a full body massage where should you place your hands while the client is prone?
Sacrum and base of neck
Circular friction is applied when massaging a clients
Neck
Is the business theme that is derived from the owners dreams and ideals
Purpose
Summarize the three criteria the IRS uses to differentiate between an independent contractor and an employee
Behavioral control, financial control, relationship with the business
Is an individual business owner, responsible for all expenses, obligations, liabilities, and assets
Sole proprietorship
Name some things that would be considered professional fees
Attorney, accountant, graphic artist, web designer, and business coach
If a business has a strong word of mouth reputation, it can be located
In an out of the way prestigious location
What is an employers identification number (EIN)?
The federal tax identification number issued to businesses and is used on all tax related forms
Is it OK for your receptionist to share client information?
No
How long do you keep all financial records?
At least 7 years
What is an income ledger?
Summary of all cash receipts, or invoices
What is a P&L (profit & loss) statement?
Summary of the income and expenses for a particular period such as monthly, quarterly, or annually.
What information should you include on your business card?
Name, business address, phone number, email, and/or website
How many business cards should you give to an individual at any time?
Two or three so they can pass one along to someone else
What should you consider when selecting a business location?
Population, transportation facilities, quite enough to induce relaxation, space required, zoning ordinance, and parking
