Communication between neurons

Question 1

What is the neurotransmitter used for memory?

Answer 1

NO nitric oxide

Question 2

What neurotransmitter is responsable for arousal, consciousness, motor functions, learning, memory damage (and in memory problems (alzheimer’s))?

Answer 2

Acetylcholine

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter prepares the brain to respond to stimuli from the enviroment?

Answer 3

Norepinipherine

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter has a role in motor functions of basal ganglia, reward pleasure and addiction?

Answer 4

Dopamine

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter does cocaine inhibit its uptake?

Answer 5

Dopamine

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for pain analgesia in the spinal cord and sense of well being?

Answer 6

Serotonin (5-HT)

Question 7

What are some inhibitory neurotransmitters?

Answer 7

GABA and glycine

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter has an excitatory role on the memory?

Answer 8

Glutamate

Question 9

What are the types of cell surface receptors found?

Answer 9

1, ionotropuc receptors (Ligand gated ion channels, fast (msecs))
2.Metabotropic receptors
(receptors coupled to intracellular signalling, slow (secs))

Question 10

What is the receptor that GABAA and glycine bind to?

Answer 10

ANionic, ionotropic receptors

Question 11

What neurotransmitters bind to cationic ionotropic receptors?

Answer 11

Nicotinic acetylcholine
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA, Kainate, NMDA)
Serotonin (5-HT3)

Question 12

Define synapses

Answer 12

The site of contact between 2 neurons or 2 cells without protoplasmic continuity

Question 13

What is the function of synapses?

Answer 13

Transmission of impulses
Convergence (intensification)
Divergence (spread)
Site of action of drugs

Question 14

What are the type of synapses?

Answer 14

Chemical (chemical transmission)
Electrical (gap junctions)
Conjoint (combined)

Question 15

What happens when NMDA receptor channels are depolarized?

Answer 15

Mg2+ blocks the channel

Question 16

What is the mechanism of synaptic transmission ?

Answer 16

1. Depolarizatio of the knos, opening of voltage gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ influx, vesicle membrane fuses with cell membrane, rupture of the vesicles and release of the neurotransmitter
2. cros the cleft
3. Combine with specific postsynaptic receptors, change in permeability of postsynaptic membrane to one or more ions
4. the transmitter triggers either opening or closure of specific ligand activated ion channels, electrcal changes (either excitatiry ach, or inhibitory as GABA)
   Opening of Na+ channels > EPSP
   Opening of K+ or cl- channels > IPSP
   5.Removal of NT: by diffusion, enzyme, active reuptake of glial cells

Question 17

What are the functional structures of chemical synapses?

Answer 17

1. Presynaptic terminal (contains mitochondria and neurotransmitter vesicles)
2. Synaptic cleft (contains ECF, rich in Na+ & Ca++ ions)
3. Postsynaptic membrane contains receptor