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NB > Anatomy and imaging head and neck > Flashcards

Anatomy and imaging head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 1st cranial nerve?

A

The olfactory nerve

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2
Q

How does cranial 1 enter the skull?

A

Through the cribriform plate and ethmoid bone

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3
Q

What is the 2nd cranial nerve?

A

The optic nerve

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4
Q

What is the 3rd cranial nerve?

A

Occulomotor nerve

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5
Q

What is the deep origin of occulotor nerve?

A

Motor nucleus: supply extraocular muscles
Parasympathetic nucleus: edinger westphal nucleus (ciliary ganglion)`

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6
Q

How does the 3rd cranial nerve exit the brain?

A

From the anterior surface of the idbrain in the interpeduncular fossa

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7
Q

What is the 4th cranial nerve?

A

Trochlear nerve

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8
Q

What is the deep origin of cranial 4?

A

FRom the trochlear motor nucleus in the lower part of the midbrain (superior oblique muscle)

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9
Q

What is the superficial attachment and exit from brain of cranial 4 nerve?

A

The nerve appears on the back of midbrain (the right nerve comes from the left nucleus and vice versa)

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10
Q

What is the cranial nerve 6?

A

Abducent nerve

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11
Q

What is the origin of cranial 6>

A

Abducent motor nucleus in the pons (lateral rectus muscle)

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12
Q

What is the superficial attachment ad exit from brain?

A

At the lower border of pons near the midline

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13
Q

What is the 5th nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

Where does nerve 5 arise from?

A

Lateral aspect of pons by 2 roots (sensory and motor roots)

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15
Q

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve and where do they exit from?

A

1.Opthalamic division exit through superior orbital fissure
2.Maxillary division exit through foramen rotundum
3.Mandibular division exit through foramen oval

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16
Q

What is the 7th cranial nerve?

A

Facial nerve

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17
Q

What type of nerve is the facial nerve?

A

mixed (motor, sensory and parasympathetic)

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18
Q

What is the origin of the facial nerve?

A

Emerges at lower end of pons (pontocerebellar junction)

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19
Q

What does the facial nerve exit through?

A

Stylomastoid foramen from the skull

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20
Q

What is the origin of the facial nerve?(cranial nerve nuclei)

A

1.Motor: facial motor nucleus in the pons
2.Parasympathetic: Superior salivary nucleus in the pons
3.Special sensory= taste: Nucleus solitarius in the medulla

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21
Q

What are the intracranial branches of facial nerve?

A

Greater petrosal nerve
Chorda tympani
Nerve to stapedius

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22
Q

What are the extracranial branches of facial nerve?

A

Nerve to posterior belly of digrastic & stylohyoid
Posterior auricular
Branches within the parotid gland

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23
Q

Where does hypoglossal nerve exit from?

A

Hypoglossal canal

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24
Q

Where do cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 exit from?

A

Jugular foramen

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25
Q

what is the type of nerve of nerve IX?

A

Motor, sensory, parasympathetic

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26
Q

What is the motor origin of the cranial nerve IX?

A

Nc ambiguus

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27
Q

What is the other origin of the cranial nerve IX?

A

Taste sensation posterior 1/3 of tongue: Solitary nucleus
Parasympathetic to parotid: Inferior salivary nucleus

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28
Q

What are the sensory branches of cranial nerve IX?

A

Tonsillar
Lingual
Pharyngeal
Carotid

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29
Q

What type of nerve is cranial nerve X?

A

Mixed

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30
Q

What is the origin of cranial nerve X?

A

Motor : Nucleus ambiguus
Parasympathetic: Dorsal nucleus of vagus
Sensory nucleus: Nucleus solitarius

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31
Q

What are the branches of the vagus nerve?

A

Meningeal branch
Auricular branch
Two cardiac branches
(Motor) pharyngeal branch
Laryngeal branch

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32
Q

What does the pharyngeal branch of cranial nerve X innervate?

A

Supplies all muscles of pharynx except stylopharyngeus (9th) and all muscles of the soft palate except tensor palati (5th)

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33
Q

What is the course of the Recurrent laryngeal branch?

A

The right RL hooking around the subclavian artery
The left RL hooking around the arch of aorta

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34
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of Blow out?

A

Diplopia
Infra orbital nerve parasthesia
Enophthalmos
Enophthalmos
Edema
Ecchymosis

35
Q

What are the layers of eyelid?

A

1.Skin devoid of fat
2.Muscle: Orbicularis occuli and levator palpebrae superioris
3.Fibrous tarsal plate
4.Conjunctiva

36
Q

What is the function of the tarsal plate?

A

Stiffen the eyelid

37
Q

What is the tarsal plate formed off?

A

Fibrous tissue

38
Q

How is the tarsal plate connected to the orbital margin?

A

By the orbital septum
Medial and lateral palpebral ligaments connect the tarsal plates to the sides of the orbit

39
Q

What are the types of palperal gland infection?

A

Stye: inflammation of the eyelid associated with a small collection of pus
Chalazion: Small, painless, lump or swelling that appears on your eyelid by a blocked meibomian or oil gland

40
Q

What structures pass through the orbital canal?

A

Optic nerve, opthalmic artery

41
Q

What structures pass superior to orbital fissure?

A

Live Free To See No Insult At all
Lacrimal, Frontal, Trochlear, Superior division of occulomotor, Nasociliary, Inferior division of occulomotor, Abducent

42
Q

Which bones are affected in an orbital blow out fracture?

A

Zygomatic and maxillary

43
Q

What happens in an orbital blow out?

A

A rapid increase in intraorbital pressure resulting in a blowout fracture of the thin orbital floor. In severe comminuted fractures of the orbital floor the orital soft tissues may herniate into the underlying maxillary paranasal sinus

44
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

A continuation of the epithelium of the coreathat lines the deep surface of the eyelid and exposed part of the eye.

45
Q

WHat are the reflections of the conjunctiva?

A

The superior and inferior fornix

46
Q

What is the pathway that a tear takes?

A

Exits through the opening of the lcrimal canaliculi called lacrimal punctum into the lacrimal canaliculi and than into the lacrimal sac and goes down through the nasolacrimal duct

47
Q

What caues dry eye?

A

Injury of facial nerve at brainstem (cerebelloponine angle)

48
Q

Which nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?

A

Lacrimal nerve V1

49
Q

What is the pathway of the lacrimal nerve V1?

A

Lacrimatory nucleus in brainstem to facial nerve to greater petrosal nerve relaying athe pterygopalatine ganglia into the zygomatic branch of maxillary nerve v2 to the lacrimal nerve

50
Q

What is the insertion and origin of the extrinsic muscles?

A

Origin: Tedinous ring and bones of the orbit
Insertion: The sclera

51
Q

Where does the LPS go from to?

A

Froom: roof of orbit
To: Upper eye lid

52
Q

What is the action of the Levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Elevates upper eye lid

53
Q

What is the origin of recti?

A

Tendineous ring of zinn

54
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

4 rectus
Superior rectus
Lateral rectus
Inferior rectus
Medial rectus
2 Oblique
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique

55
Q

What is the origin of the 4 recti?

A

Common tendinous ring

56
Q

What is the insertion of the recti?

A

Sclera

57
Q

What is the origin of the superior oblique?

A

Roof of the orbit –> pulley (trochlea)

58
Q

What is the insertion of the superior oblique?

A

Eye ball behind the equator

59
Q

What is the origin of the inferior oblique?

A

Floor of the oribit (medial)

60
Q

What is the insertion of the inferior oblique?

A

Eye ball behind the equator (lateral)

61
Q

What direction does the eyeball look when using the inferior oblique?

A

laterally upwards

62
Q

What direction does the eyeball look when using the superior oblique?

A

Laterally and downwards

63
Q

What direction does the eyeball look when using the lateral rectus?

A

look laterally

64
Q

What direction does the eyeball look when using the medial rectus?

A

look medially

65
Q

What direction does the eyeball look when using the superior rectus?

A

Look medially upward

66
Q

What direction does the eyeball look when using the inferior rectus?

A

Look medially downwards

67
Q

What is the action of uperior and inferior Recti?

A

Adduction plus elevation and depression

68
Q

What is the action of the superior and inferior obliques?

A

Actions opposite of their name (SO= depress, IO=elevate)
Abduction

69
Q

What is the action of the superior oblique and rectus?

A

Intorsion

70
Q

What is the action of the inferior oblique and rectus?

A

Extorsion

71
Q

Which muscles move the eye from side to side?

A

Medial & lateral recti

72
Q

What are the intraoccular muscles and what are their innervations?

A

1.Constrictor pupillae (Parasympathetic)
2.Dilator pupillae (sympathetic)
3.Ciliary (parasympathetic)

73
Q

What do the sympathetic fibers supply ?

A

The smooth part of the levator palpebrae superioris, so LPS has double nerve supply

74
Q

What are the occulomotor superior divisions?

A

Superior rectus and levator palpebrae

75
Q

What are the occulomotor inferior division?

A

Medial rectus, inferior rectus and infrior oblique

76
Q

Which nerves innervate most of the muscles?

A

Cranial nerve III Occulomotor

77
Q

Which nerve innervates superior oblique muscles?

A

Cranial nerve IV (trochlear)

78
Q

Which nerve supplies the laterl rectus ?

A

Cranial nerve VI (Abducent)

79
Q

What are the sensory nerves of the orbit?

A

optic
Trigeminal opthalmic:
Lacrimal
Frontal
Nasociliary

80
Q

What is the motor nerves of the orbit?

A

Oculomotor III
Trochlear IV
Abducent VI

81
Q

What is the course of the optic nerve?

A

Axons of nerve cells of retina
Pierce sclera 3 mm medial to posterior pole
Backward & medially –> optic canal–> middle cranial fossa –> optic chiasma

82
Q

where does the inner ear lie?

A

In the petrous temporal bone between the medial ear and the bottom of the internal auditory meatus

83
Q

What is the inner ear formed off?

A

1.bony labyrinth
2.Membranous labyrinth

NB (13 decks)

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