ANS

Question 1

What is the ANS nucleus origin of cranial nerve III?

Answer 1

Edinger-westphal nucleus

Question 2

What is the ANS cranial origin of Cranial nerve VII?

Answer 2

Superior salivatory nucleus

Question 3

What is the ANS cranial origin of Cranial nerve IX?

Answer 3

Inferior salvatory nucleus

Question 4

What is the ANS cranial origin of Cranial nerve X to the respiratory tract&lungs, GIT, liver&pancreas, heart and nasopharynx?

Answer 4

Dorsal motor nucleus

Question 5

What is the ANS cranial origin of Cranial nerve X to the nasopharynx and esophagus?

Answer 5

Nucleus ambiduus

Question 6

What is affective behaviour?

Answer 6

Pattern of responses that is elicited by emotions such as fear, rage, suprise, digsusts etc.

Question 7

What is Horner’s syndrome ?

Answer 7

An inury to the cervical sympathetic nerve fibers which produces a syndrome group of symptoms on the same side

Question 8

What is the cause of horner’s syndrome?

Answer 8

Congenital, surgical intervention, trauma tumour of the lung apex and brainstem lesion affecting descending fibers to LH

Question 9

What are the symptoms of horner’s syndrome?

Answer 9

1. Ptosis (Drooping of the upper eyelid which covers the eye due to paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle)
   2.Miosis (pupilloconstriction due to paralysis of the dilator pupillae muscle)
   3.Anhydrosis (absence of sweat secretion)
   4.VD (due to loss of the sympathetic VC effect)
   5.Enopthalmos (sinking of the eyeball backward in the orbit )

Question 10

When is autonomic failure common?

Answer 10

its rare but found in old people escpecially men and can be presented alone or with neurodegenerative diseases

Question 11

What is the clinical presentation of the autonomic failure?

Answer 11

Dizziness, fatigue and blackouts during exercise, or after meals

Question 12

What are clinical complaints of autonomic failure?

Answer 12

Persistant postural hypotension

Question 13

What is the sympathetic divison ?

Answer 13

(thoracolumbar division)
Myelinated preganglionic fibers exit spinal cord in ventral roots from T1 to L2 levels.

Question 14

What does the amygdala do in regards to the ANS?

Answer 14

Assesment of stimul and execution of commands and initiation of signals

Question 15

What are the steps to executing ANS activity ?

Answer 15

1. Recognition and assessment of circumstances
   2.Assessment of stimuli and initiation of appropriate signals to trigge required response
   3.Intgration of autonomic activity
   4.Execution of specific behavioural pattern of autonomic and somatic responses

Question 16

What neurotransmitter is released to the target organs by the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 16

norepinephrine

Question 17

What neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic fiber in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 17

Release acetylcholine

Question 18

What is the parasympathetic divison?

Answer 18

(craniosacral division)
s2 to s4 and preganglionic neurons in brain stem and in lateral portion of anterior gray horn

Question 19

what is released by the post and preganglionic synapse in the parasypathetic division?

Answer 19

Acetylcholine

Question 20

Where is the exception to the postgaglionic neurotransmitter release in the sympathetic nevous system and what does it release?

Answer 20

adrenal medulla
epinephrine

Question 21

What is the function of the sympathetic nerves in the skin?

Answer 21

VC, Sweat secretion and horripilation

Question 22

What is antagonostic effect, give an organ example?

Answer 22

ex: heart
aympathetic and parasympathetic fibers innervates the same cells (actions counteract each other)

Question 23

What is complementary innervation give an example of organ involved?

Answer 23

sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation produces similar effects
ex: salivary gland secretion

Question 24

What is the cooperative innervation?

Answer 24

ex: micronutrition
sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation produce differet effects that work together to produce desired effect

Question 25

How does the complementary effect work on the salivary gland secretion?

Answer 25

parasympathetic nerves> watery saliva sympathetic saliva> constriction of the blood vessels throughout the digestive tract -> decreased blood flow to the salivary glands -> production of thicker, more viscous saliva