Communication Flashcards
Verbal behaviors are ____
lateralized
What hemisphere is dominant for language in most
persons (sequencing is important
The left
What sort of test can be used to determine hemispheric
dominance for language (injection of intracarotid sodium
amobarbital)lateralized
Wada Test
Aphasia is the
Disturbance in speech
* Production: “Expressive aphasia”
* Comprehension: “Receptive aphasia”
* from damage to the left hemisphere
Where would you place speech
production?
Just rostral to the “mouth” area of the motor
cortex is Broca’s area, which controls
speech
Broca’s aphasia results from damage
to the inferior left frontal lobe
Some general characteristics of Broca’s aphasia include
Spoken words have meaning (are intelligible)
* Person can comprehend the speech of others (as long as it’s not too
long or sequential)
People with broca’s aphasia have difficulty with ___ but are better with ___
Have difficulty with “function words” (relational words: a, the, in,
about) but are better with “content words” (nouns, verbs, adjectives,
adverbs)
What are the three primary/major speech difficulties are evident in Broca’s aphasia?
Agrammatism: difficulty in using grammar rules (e.g.-ed)
Anomia: difficulty in finding appropriate words
Difficulty with word articulation
Lesions in the Periaqueductal Gray Area cause what?
mutism
Language comprehension is located
next to auditory cortex (known as Wernicke’s area), right where temporal and parietal regions meet
What is Wernicke’s Aphasia?
– Poor speech comprehension
* Evident in non-verbal tasks (“point to object…”)
* Cannot repeat statements made by others
– Fluent, but meaningless speech (word salad)
* Patients can use function words, conjugated grammar
Wernicke’s aphasia consists of distinct deficits
Recognition of spoken words
– Pure word deafness: disruption of inputs to Wernicke’s area
results in an inability to understand speech
* Can identify sounds (e.g., doorbell) and animals (e.g., barking)
* Can also identify prosody (emotional content)
* Left Superior temporal: Processes the sequence of sounds (i.e., word
recognition)
– Word recognition is judgment of sound timing, not pitch
Amazingly, appear unaware of deficits!
– No frustration
What is Transcortical Sensory Aphasia?
Comprehension of word meaning, damage to posterior language area, person can repeat statements, but does not comprehend the statements (Echolalia)
cannot follow simple directions
Suggests distinction between speech recognition/comprehension
Say a person starts repeating a statement said to them over and over again, they have what type of aphasia?
Transcortical sensory aphasia
Damage to the arcuate fasciculus produces?
Conduction Aphasia
Damage to the fasciculus produces conduction
aphasia:
- Fluent, meaningful speech
- Good word comprehension
- Difficulty in repeating words (can’t repeat non-words)
– Especially complex sentences
can never repeat NON-WORDS, once assigned meaning can use like synonyms
Experimenter: “The auto’s leaking gas tank soiled the roadway”
* Patient: “The car’s tank leaked and made a mess on the street”
this is an example of?
Conduction Aphasia
Prosody refers to?
refers to variations in rhythm, pitch, and cadence that communicate information
Prosody is severely disrupted by….
Damage to the right hemisphere (musical aspect of prosody…)
* Damage to Broca’s area . . . Such poor speech production
limits one’s ability to use rhythm
* Prosody reception is purely right cerebral
Prosody is not disrupted in this type of aphasia
Wernicke’s aphasia (speech is fluent but meaningless)
Pure alexia refers to ____
the inability to read (or “alexia without agraphia”)
Pure alexia is produced by
– Damage to the left visual cortex and the posterior end of the
corpus callosum (splenium)
– Person can write, but cannot read what he/she wrote
Phonological dyslexia: ____ , caused by damage to?
person can read using the whole-word method,
but cannot sound out words (can understand words)
left frontal lobe, but may extend back to wernicke’s
Surface dyslexia: ____, caused by damage to?
deficit in whole-word reading (can sound words out and understand them)
Left lateral/inferior temporal lesion
Agraphia is?
Any type of disability involving writing (not due to perceptual or motor deficits)
What is Phonological dysgraphia?
Associated with damage of the brain in
Cannot write pronounceable nonwords or words they are non familiar with (e.g., glab, chint)
– Can write familiar words (easy – dog, hard – busy)
Broca’s Area
What is Orthographic dysgraphia?
Associated with damage of the brain in?
(can ONLY sound out)
– Can write ‘easy’ words like “dog” or “tree”
– Cannot write words in which phonology ≠ spelling
* “busy” = “bizzy”; “half” = “haff”
– ~Left Visual Word-Form area
Left Visual Word-Form Area
