Chapter 1 (History) Flashcards
Animism is the idea that…
All moving objects have a spirit in them that causes them to move
Dualism is the idea that…
mind and body are separate
Everything in the world is matter, including the mind. This would be an example of…
Monism
Who was the first philosopher who said the mind was located in the brain?
Hippocrates
Who was the first philosopher to suggest that the mind was
partially physical?
Descartes
Which scientist found that all nerves carry the same
messages – an electrical impulse?
Johannes Muller
The doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies states that…
Different nerves carry messages to different
areas of the brain
Equipotentiality is the idea that…
All parts of the brain are the same, location is NOT important
The idea that different parts of the brain carry out different functions is called…
Locationalist
Who performed, “experimental ablations” removing specific brain areas in animals to see what they controlled?
Pierre Flourens
Damage to the Broca’s Area would result in?
aphasia (cannot speak but know what to say)
This scientist(s) found that by removing the scalps from dogs and by stimulating their cortex directly, areas of the brain controlled opposite (contralateral) sides of the body.
Fritsch and Hitzig
Callotomy involves cutting the ____ to alleviate seizures
corpus callosum
Someone with a plugged left nostril smells something in the right nostril, which hand would they use out the source of the smell?
Would they be able to identify the smell?
Left hand, (smell/taste go to same hemisphere control opposite body part)
No, left hemisphere is blocked up because left nostril is connected to that side
The belief that the characteristics of
an organism that serve some useful function is called…
Functionalism
______ suggests that characteristics that
allow an organism to reproduce more successfully
are passed on to offspring
natural selection
Which scientist found that electrical stimulation of dead frog legs causes movement?
Luigi Galvani
The first humanlike ape creatures that appeared in Africa were called?
Hominids
