Communicable Diseases Flashcards
Pathogens
Bacteria/Viruses/Harmful organisms that can cause communicable diseases.
Communicable disease
A disease that can be transmitted from one person to another.
Non-communicable disease
Diseases that cannot be transmitted across other people.
Health
A physical and mental wellbeing
What did Semmelweis encourage doctors to do?
Wash their hands before performing surgeries and operations.
What did Louis Pasteur discover?
He discovered microorganisms caused diseases, so he invented vaccines.
Joseph Lister began to…
Use antiseptic chemicals to destroy pathogens.
Why does isolation help prevent infections?
It keeps infected individuals from passing pathogens to a healthy person.
What’s the benefit in destroying vectors?
Vectors carry diseases from a source to an organism, and destroying them means that they cannot spread diseases.
What do vaccines do?
They inject into an animal or human a small amount of the pathogen of the disease, and helps the immune system build a defence against the disease in larger amounts.
Why is hygiene important?
It helps get rid of harmful pathogens that infect people, so that there is a likely chance the disease doesn’t spread. An example of this is using disinfectants.
What are the symptoms of measles?
Red skin rashes and fever.
What are the cures for measles?
None.
HIV effects are mild/severe at first.
Mild
How can HIV spread?
Through sexual contact and exchange of body fluids.
Does TMV affect the plant from the inside or the outside?
Both. It causes a mosaic-like pattern on leaves, and destroys cells in them.
How does TMV affect photosynthesis?
It reduces the surface area for photosynthesis, and the infected areas of the plant don’t photosynthesise.
Give an example of a food that can contain salmonella.
Eggs, raw poultry, egg foods (like mayo) and raw meats.
How long does it take for the symptoms of salmonella to occur?
8-72hrs
What are the symptoms of salmonella?
Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Give an example of a way to prevent salmonella.
Cleaning surfaces with disinfectants, cooking processes (etc.)
How is gonorrhoea spread?
Through unprotected sexual contact with an infected person.
Give early symptoms for gonorrhoea.
Thick yellow/green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain while urinating.
Name a method to prevent gonorrhoea.
Antibiotics, using a condom.
How does rose black spots affect leaf appearances?
It causes purple/black spots to appear on the leaves.
How does RBS spread?
The spores of the fungus are carried by the wind, until it reaches a plant to infect.
Give some malaria symptoms.
Recurrent episodes of fever, shaking and weakens the infectant over time.
To prevent malaria in the first place, you must…
Get rid of the mosquitos.
