Common foot problems Flashcards
How does plantar fasciitis present
Gradual onset of pain on the plantar aspect of the heel
Worse with pressure and walking or standing
Tenderness to palpate
What is management of plantar fasciitis
Rest
Ice
Pain relief
Physio
Steroid injection
What causes fat pad atrophy
Age
Inflammation from repetitive impacts e.g. running, walking obesity
Local steroid injections e.g. those used to treat plantar fasciitis
What are sx of fat pad atrophy
Pain and tenderness over plantar aspect of the heel
worse with activity
What are investigations for fat pad atrophy?
USS to measure thickness of fat pad
What is management of fat pad atrophy
Comfortable shoes
Custom insoles
Weight loss
Adapting activities
What is Morton’s neuroma
Dysfunction and irritation of a nerve in the inter metatarsal space towards top of the foot
Usually this nerve is located between the third and fourth metatarsal
what are symptoms of a Morton’s neuroma
Pain at the front of the foot
Sensation of a lump
Burning, numbness or pins and needles felt in the distal toes
What tests can you do for Morton’s neuroma
Deep pressure applied to the affected inter metatarsal space on the dorsal foot causes pain
Metatarsal squeeze test
Mulder’s sign - painful click is felt when using two hands on either Side of the foot to manipulate the metatarsal heads to rub the neuroma
What investigations confirm Morton’s neuroma
USS
MRI
What is management of Morton’s neuroma
Adapting activities e.g. avoided high heels
Analgesia
Insoles
Weight loss
Steroid injection
Radiofrequency ablation
Surgery - excision of the neuroma
What is the medical terminology for bunions
Hallux valgus
What is the cause of bunions
Unclear
What is conservative management of bunions?
Wide comfortable shoes
Analgesia
What is definitive management of bunions
Surgery
