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Cardiovascular 2018 > Common drugs used in cardiovascular disease > Flashcards

Common drugs used in cardiovascular disease Flashcards

1
Q

Name drug classes which are used to treat hypertension?

A 
Thiazide Diuretics
Beta Blockers
Calcium Antagonists
Alpha Blockers
ACE Inhibitors (ACEI)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB)
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2
Q

Name drug classes used in the treatment of angina?

A

Beta Blockers
Calcium Antagonists
Nitrates

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3
Q

Name 4 anti platelet drugs

A

Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor

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4
Q

Name 3 anticoagulant drugs

A

Warfarin, Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran

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5
Q

Name two fibrinolystics

A

Streptokinase

tPa

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6
Q

Name two classes of anti cholesterol drugs?

A

Statins

Fibrates

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7
Q

What is the rough mechanism of diuretics?

A

Block Na reabsorption in the kidneys

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8
Q

Name a thiazide diuretic? When is it used?

A

bendroflumethiazide

used in hypertension

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9
Q

Name a loop diuretic? When is it used?

A

furosemide

used in heart failure

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10
Q

Which is the stronger from of diuretic?

A

Loop diuretics

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11
Q

What are some side effects of diuretics?

A 
hypokalaemia- tired
arrhythmias
hyperglycaemia- diabetes
increased uric acid= gout
impotence
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12
Q

Name a cardioselective B blocker

A

atenolol

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13
Q

When are cardioselective b blockers used?

A

angina
hypertension
heart failure

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14
Q

name a non-selective b blocker

A

propanolol

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15
Q

When are non-selective b blockers used?

A

thyrotoxicosis

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16
Q

What are the side effects of b blockers?

A

NEVER use in asthma

tiredness

heart failure-short term worsening

cold peripheries

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17
Q

What are the two classes of calcium antagonists?

A

Dihydropiridines

Rate limiting calcium antagonists

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18
Q

When are Dihydropiridines used?

A

hypertension

anina

not in hf

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19
Q

name a Dihydropiridine

A

amlodipine

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20
Q

Name two rate limiting calcium antagonists

A

verapamil

diltiazem

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21
Q

What is a side effect of Dihydropiridines?

A

ankle oedema

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22
Q

When are rate limiting calcium antagonists used?

A

hypertension and angina (not common due to AV node block)

supraventricular arrhythmias (AF, SVT)

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23
Q

when should rate limiting calcium antagonists be avoided?

A

if patient is on a b blocker

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24
Q

What is the primary effect of alpha-blockers?

A

Vasodilatation

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25
Q

When are alpha-blockers used?

A

hypertension

prostatic hypertrophy (doxazosin)

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26
Q

What is a side effect of alpha blockers?

A

Postural hypotension

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27
Q

What is the primary function of ACE inhibitors?

A

block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II

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28
Q

Name an ACE inhibitor.

A

lisinopril

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29
Q

When are ACE inhibitors used?

A

hypertension

HF

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30
Q

What potential adverse effects can ACE inhibitors cause?

A

Good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy

Bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis

31
Q

What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

cough

renal dysfunction

angioneurotic oedema
life threatening- allergic response where there is blotch and swollen tissue- including the larynx, causing asphyxiation (commoner in black people due to genetics)

32
Q

when should ACE inhibitors not be used?

A

pregnancy induced hypertension

33
Q

What is the primary function of angiotensin receptor blockers?

A

Block angiotensin II receptors

34
Q

Name an angiotensin II receptor blocker

A

losartan

35
Q

When are angiotensin II receptor blockers used?

A

Hypertension

heart failure

36
Q

What alternative effects to angiotensin II receptor blockers have?

A

good in diabetic neuropathy

bad in a renal artery stenosis

37
Q

What are common side effects of

Angiotensin receptor blockers?

A

renal dysfunction

no cough

38
Q

When should

Angiotensin receptor blockers not be used?

A

When pregnant

39
Q

What is the primary function of nitrates?

A

venodilators

40
Q

Name a nitrate

A

isosorbide mononitrate

41
Q

When are nitrates used?

A

Angina

acute heart failure

42
Q

What are common side effects of nitrates?

A

headaches

hypotension/collapse

43
Q

What is the problem with nitrates?

A

Tolerance

44
Q

What are anti platelet drugs used for?

A

To prevent a new thrombosis

45
Q

When are anti platelets prescribed?

A

angina
acute MI
CVA/TIA

46
Q

What are the side effects of anti platelet medications?

A

haemorrhage anywhere

47
Q

What other conditions should be considered when prescribing anti platelet agents?

A

Peptic ulcers

Aspirin sensitivity –> asthma

48
Q

What do anticoagulants do?

A

Prevent a new thrombus

49
Q

How is heparin administered?

A

IV only

50
Q

How is warfarin administered

A

Oral use

51
Q

What does warfarin do?

A

block clotting factors (2, 7, 9, 10)

52
Q

When is warfarin used?

A

DVT
PE
NSTEMI
AF

53
Q

what is the side effects of warfarin?

A

Haemorrhage risk

54
Q

What can be do if too much warfarin is administered?

A

Vitamin K

55
Q

What is rivaroxiban?

A

Factor X a inhibitor

56
Q

What is dabigatran?

A

Thrombin factor IIa inhibitor

57
Q

What does Xa do?

A

Converts prothrombin II to prothrombin IIa

58
Q

What do fibrinolytic drugs do?

A

Dissolve a formed clot

59
Q

When are fibrinolytic used?

A

STEMI
PE
CVA

60
Q

What are the side effects of fibrinolyticd

A

haemorrhage

61
Q

When should fibrinolytic be avoided?

A 
recent haemorrhage
trauma
bleeding tendencies
severe diabetic retinopathy
peptic ulcer
62
Q

What are the two classes of anti-cholesterol drugs?

A

Statins

Fibrates

63
Q

Name a statin

A

Simvastatin

64
Q

What do statins do?

A

Block HMG CoA reductase

65
Q

When are statins used?

A

hypercholesterolaemia
diabetes
angina/MI
CVA/TIA

66
Q

What are the side effects of statins?

A

myopathy
rhabdomyolisis
renal failure

67
Q

Name a fibrate

A

Benzafibrate

68
Q

When are fibrates used?

A

hypertriglyceridaemia

low HDL cholesterol

69
Q

What antiarrhythmic drug would be used in a supra ventricular arrhythmia e.g. SVT?

A

Adenosine in acute phase

70
Q

What would be used in “ ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias?

A

Amiodarone
B-blockers
Flecainide

71
Q

What are the issues with amiodarone?

A

takes a long time to accumulate and therefore to clear

phototoxicity (sun-sensitivity)

pulmonary fibrosis

thyroid abnormalities

72
Q

What are the two effects of digoxin?

A
  1. blocks AV conduction

2. increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias

73
Q

What can digoxin be useful for?

A

AF

74
Q

What can digoxin toxicity manifest as?

A 
nausea
vomiting
yellow vision
bradycardia, heart block
ventricular arrhythmias

Cardiovascular 2018 (39 decks)

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