Common drugs used in cardiovascular disease

Question 1

Name drug classes which are used to treat hypertension?

Answer 1

Thiazide Diuretics
Beta Blockers
Calcium Antagonists
Alpha Blockers
ACE Inhibitors (ACEI)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB)

Question 2

Name drug classes used in the treatment of angina?

Answer 2

Beta Blockers
Calcium Antagonists
Nitrates

Question 3

Name 4 anti platelet drugs

Answer 3

Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor

Question 4

Name 3 anticoagulant drugs

Answer 4

Warfarin, Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran

Question 5

Name two fibrinolystics

Answer 5

Streptokinase

tPa

Question 6

Name two classes of anti cholesterol drugs?

Answer 6

Statins

Fibrates

Question 7

What is the rough mechanism of diuretics?

Answer 7

Block Na reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 8

Name a thiazide diuretic? When is it used?

Answer 8

bendroflumethiazide

used in hypertension

Question 9

Name a loop diuretic? When is it used?

Answer 9

furosemide

used in heart failure

Question 10

Which is the stronger from of diuretic?

Answer 10

Loop diuretics

Question 11

What are some side effects of diuretics?

Answer 11

hypokalaemia- tired
arrhythmias
hyperglycaemia- diabetes
increased uric acid= gout
impotence

Question 12

Name a cardioselective B blocker

Answer 12

atenolol

Question 13

When are cardioselective b blockers used?

Answer 13

angina
hypertension
heart failure

Question 14

name a non-selective b blocker

Answer 14

propanolol

Question 15

When are non-selective b blockers used?

Answer 15

thyrotoxicosis

Question 16

What are the side effects of b blockers?

Answer 16

NEVER use in asthma

tiredness

heart failure-short term worsening

cold peripheries

Question 17

What are the two classes of calcium antagonists?

Answer 17

Dihydropiridines

Rate limiting calcium antagonists

Question 18

When are Dihydropiridines used?

Answer 18

hypertension

anina

not in hf

Question 19

name a Dihydropiridine

Answer 19

amlodipine

Question 20

Name two rate limiting calcium antagonists

Answer 20

verapamil

diltiazem

Question 21

What is a side effect of Dihydropiridines?

Answer 21

ankle oedema

Question 22

When are rate limiting calcium antagonists used?

Answer 22

hypertension and angina (not common due to AV node block)

supraventricular arrhythmias (AF, SVT)

Question 23

when should rate limiting calcium antagonists be avoided?

Answer 23

if patient is on a b blocker

Question 24

What is the primary effect of alpha-blockers?

Answer 24

Vasodilatation

Question 25

When are alpha-blockers used?

Answer 25

hypertension prostatic hypertrophy (doxazosin)

Question 26

What is a side effect of alpha blockers?

Answer 26

Postural hypotension

Question 27

What is the primary function of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 27

block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II

Question 28

Name an ACE inhibitor.

Answer 28

lisinopril

Question 29

When are ACE inhibitors used?

Answer 29

hypertension | HF

Question 30

What potential adverse effects can ACE inhibitors cause?

Answer 30

Good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy Bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis

Question 31

What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 31

cough renal dysfunction angioneurotic oedema life threatening- allergic response where there is blotch and swollen tissue- including the larynx, causing asphyxiation (commoner in black people due to genetics)

Question 32

when should ACE inhibitors not be used?

Answer 32

pregnancy induced hypertension

Question 33

What is the primary function of angiotensin receptor blockers?

Answer 33

Block angiotensin II receptors

Question 34

Name an angiotensin II receptor blocker

Answer 34

losartan

Question 35

When are angiotensin II receptor blockers used?

Answer 35

Hypertension | heart failure

Question 36

What alternative effects to angiotensin II receptor blockers have?

Answer 36

good in diabetic neuropathy bad in a renal artery stenosis

Question 37

What are common side effects of | Angiotensin receptor blockers?

Answer 37

renal dysfunction no cough

Question 38

When should | Angiotensin receptor blockers not be used?

Answer 38

When pregnant

Question 39

What is the primary function of nitrates?

Answer 39

venodilators

Question 40

Name a nitrate

Answer 40

isosorbide mononitrate

Question 41

When are nitrates used?

Answer 41

Angina | acute heart failure

Question 42

What are common side effects of nitrates?

Answer 42

headaches | hypotension/collapse

Question 43

What is the problem with nitrates?

Answer 43

Tolerance

Question 44

What are anti platelet drugs used for?

Answer 44

To prevent a new thrombosis

Question 45

When are anti platelets prescribed?

Answer 45

angina acute MI CVA/TIA

Question 46

What are the side effects of anti platelet medications?

Answer 46

haemorrhage anywhere

Question 47

What other conditions should be considered when prescribing anti platelet agents?

Answer 47

Peptic ulcers | Aspirin sensitivity --> asthma

Question 48

What do anticoagulants do?

Answer 48

Prevent a new thrombus

Question 49

How is heparin administered?

Answer 49

IV only

Question 50

How is warfarin administered

Answer 50

Oral use

Question 51

What does warfarin do?

Answer 51

block clotting factors (2, 7, 9, 10)

Question 52

When is warfarin used?

Answer 52

DVT PE NSTEMI AF

Question 53

what is the side effects of warfarin?

Answer 53

Haemorrhage risk

Question 54

What can be do if too much warfarin is administered?

Answer 54

Vitamin K

Question 55

What is rivaroxiban?

Answer 55

Factor X a inhibitor

Question 56

What is dabigatran?

Answer 56

Thrombin factor IIa inhibitor

Question 57

What does Xa do?

Answer 57

Converts prothrombin II to prothrombin IIa

Question 58

What do fibrinolytic drugs do?

Answer 58

Dissolve a formed clot

Question 59

When are fibrinolytic used?

Answer 59

STEMI PE CVA

Question 60

What are the side effects of fibrinolyticd

Answer 60

haemorrhage

Question 61

When should fibrinolytic be avoided?

Answer 61

``` recent haemorrhage trauma bleeding tendencies severe diabetic retinopathy peptic ulcer ```

Question 62

What are the two classes of anti-cholesterol drugs?

Answer 62

Statins | Fibrates

Question 63

Name a statin

Answer 63

Simvastatin

Question 64

What do statins do?

Answer 64

Block HMG CoA reductase

Question 65

When are statins used?

Answer 65

hypercholesterolaemia diabetes angina/MI CVA/TIA

Question 66

What are the side effects of statins?

Answer 66

myopathy rhabdomyolisis renal failure

Question 67

Name a fibrate

Answer 67

Benzafibrate

Question 68

When are fibrates used?

Answer 68

hypertriglyceridaemia | low HDL cholesterol

Question 69

What antiarrhythmic drug would be used in a supra ventricular arrhythmia e.g. SVT?

Answer 69

Adenosine in acute phase

Question 70

What would be used in " ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias?

Answer 70

Amiodarone B-blockers Flecainide

Question 71

What are the issues with amiodarone?

Answer 71

takes a long time to accumulate and therefore to clear phototoxicity (sun-sensitivity) pulmonary fibrosis thyroid abnormalities

Question 72

What are the two effects of digoxin?

Answer 72

1. blocks AV conduction | 2. increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias

Question 73

What can digoxin be useful for?

Answer 73

AF

Question 74

What can digoxin toxicity manifest as?

Answer 74

``` nausea vomiting yellow vision bradycardia, heart block ventricular arrhythmias ```