Common Compensations/Postural Deviations During Assessment

Question 1

Pronation Distortion Syndrome

Answer 1

foot pronation (flat feet), adducted and internally rotated knees

Question 2

Lower Crossed Syndrome

Answer 2

anterior tilt of pelvis

Question 3

Upper Crossed Syndrome

Answer 3

forward head and rounded shoulders

Question 4

Overhead Squat Compensations

Answer 4

excessive forward lean, low back arches, arms fall forward, turn out, knees move inward

Question 5

Pushing/Pulling Compensations

Answer 5

shoulders elevate, head protrudes forward

Question 6

Overactive Muscles-Excessive Forward Lean

Answer 6

soleus, gastrocnemius, hip flexor complex, abdominals

Question 7

Underactive Muscles-Excessive Forward Lean

Answer 7

anterior tibialis, gluteus maximus, erector spinae

Question 8

Overactive Muscles-Low Back Arch

Answer 8

hip flexor complex, erector spinae, lats

Question 9

Underactive Muscles-Low Back Arch

Answer 9

gluteus maximus, hamstring complex, intrinsic core stabilizers

Question 10

Overactive Muscles-Arms Fall Forward

Answer 10

lats, teres major, pectoralis major/minor

Question 11

Underactive Muscles-Arms Fall Forward

Answer 11

mid/lower trap, rhomboids, rotator cuff

Question 12

Overactive Muscles-Feet Turn Out

Answer 12

soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, biceps femoris

Question 13

Underactive Muscles-Feet Turn Out

Answer 13

medial gastrocnemius, medial hamstring, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

Question 14

Overactive Muscles-Knees Move Inward

Answer 14

adductors, biceps femoris, TFL, vastus lateralis

Question 15

Underactive Muscles-Knees Move Inward

Answer 15

gluteus medius/maximus, vastus medialis oblique

Question 16

PDS Short Muscles

Answer 16

gastrocnemius, soleus, peroneals, adductors, iliotibial head, hip flexor complex, biceps femoris

Question 17

PDS Lengthened Muscles

Answer 17

anterior tibialis, posterior tibialis, vastus medialis, gluteus medius/maximus, hip external rotators

Question 18

PDS Increased Joint Mechanics

Answer 18

knee adduction, knee internal rotation, foot pronation, foot external rotation

Question 19

PDS Decreased Joint Mechanics

Answer 19

ankle dorsiflexion, ankle inversion

Question 20

PDS Possible Injuries

Answer 20

plantar fasciitis, posterior tibialis tendonitis (shin splints), patellar tendonitis, low back pain

Question 21

LCS-Short Muscles

Answer 21

gastrocnemius, soleus, hip flexor complex, adductors, lats, erector spinae

Question 22

LCS-Lengthened Muscles

Answer 22

anterior/posterior tibialis, gluteus maximus/medius, transverse abdominis, internal oblique

Question 23

LCS-Increased Joint Mechanics

Answer 23

lumbar extension

Question 24

LCS-Decreased Joint Mechanics

Answer 24

hip extension

Question 25

LCS-Possible Injuries

Answer 25

hamstring strain, anterior knee pain, low back pain

Question 26

UCS-Short Muscles

Answer 26

upper trap, levator scapulae, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, lats, teres major, subscapularis, pectoralis major/minor

Question 27

UCS-Lengthened Muscles

Answer 27

cervical flexors, serratus anterior, rhomboids, mid trap, lower trap, teres minor infraspinatus

Question 28

UCS-Increased Joint Mechanics

Answer 28

cervical extension, scapular protraction/elevation

Question 29

UCS-Decreased Joint Mechanics

Answer 29

shoulder extension, shoulder external rotation

Question 30

UCS-Possible Injuries

Answer 30

headaches, biceps tendonitis, rotator cuff impingement, thoracic outlet syndrome