Common bacterial infections Flashcards
types of examination will be tested when when diagnosing?
General observation Presence and pattern of fever heart rate blood pressure skin lesions upper respiratory tract chest heart abdomen central nervous system
common cause to UTI?
E.Coli
Proteus spp
Klebsiella spp
enterobacter spp
what causes pregnancy to have UTI?
E.Coli Proteus spp Klebsiella spp enterobacter spp staphylococcus saprophyticus
what cause catheter associated to have UTI?
E.Coli Proteus spp Klebsiella spp enterobacter spp pseudomonas spp enterococcus spp staphlycoccus aureus
what is pyelonephritis
a kidney infection that can cause acute renal failure
what is ureteritis
ureter infection
what is cystitis?
Bladder infection
What is urethritis
urethra infection
how does the upper urinary tract get affected?
- bacteria contaminates the lower urinary tract
- bacteria colonizes the urethra and - bladder triggering a inflammatory response
- bacteria multiply and evade the immune system when neutrophils is recruited to the area
bacteria form biofilms which stick together and adhere to epithelial surface
it’ll then move towards the kidneys
and eventually spread to circulation
risk factors for UTI
- pregnancy
- menopause
- sexual intercourse
- catheters
- abnormal urinary tract
- urinary stones
symptoms of lower UTI
dysuria - pain or burning sensation when passing urine
frequency
urgency
suprapubic discomfort - pain or tenderness in lower abdomen or back
occasionally cloudy with offensive smell
Haematuria - blood in urine
symptoms of upper UTI
fever/high temp rigors nausea & vomiting confusion loin and/ or flank pain radiating to back
ways of investigation for UTI
Urine dipstick
blood cultures
risk factors for ESBL E.coli infection
recurrent UTIs
previous infection with ESBL
how to prevent UTI
Drink more water
Prophylactic antibiotics
cranberry juice
