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Drama > Commedia Dell'arte > Flashcards

Commedia Dell'arte Flashcards

1
Q

What does commedia dell’arte translate to?

A

Comedy of skills

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2
Q

What style of theatre is it?

A

Improvisational style

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3
Q

When did it flourish?

A

Europe 200 years ago

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4
Q

What originated from?

A

Clown-like and slap stick

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5
Q

Where did travelling companies perform?

A

Travelling companies of professional actors performed outdoors to the townspeople in places such as the public squares, backdrops, crops

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6
Q

How many people were in the travelling companies?

A

10 to 15 people

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7
Q

What did each person in a travelling company do?

A

Each member played a particular stock character. For example the tricky servant, greedy old man and young heroin

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8
Q

What were the masks and costumes designed for?

A

Designed for the characters personality

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9
Q

What type of story line was for each performance?

A

Generic story line for each to performance and did not have a script

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10
Q

Did the Masters wear anything?

A

Mask and costume

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11
Q

Did the Lovers where anything?

A

Paint in white

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12
Q

Did the Servants wear anything?

A

Mask and costume

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13
Q

What did they incorporate in their improvising dialogue?

A

Incorporating jokes, physical comedy and joke bits

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14
Q

What was the rule of this type of acting?

A

There was no script. Performance always played the same character the only changes their situations

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15
Q

What does comedy of skill refer to?

A

Refers to the skill that the professional comic actors develop

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16
Q

What type of skills did each professional comic actor develop?

A

They each had a set of jokes, funny speeches, comic insults, physical stance

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17
Q

Who were the great silent movie comedians?

A

Charlie Chaplin, buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd

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18
Q

What was the great silent movie industry?

A

Acrobatic physical comedy. For example sleep on the banana, punch, slap

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19
Q

What type of humour did the commedia troupes have?

A

Energetic and improvisatory humour

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20
Q

What was the commedia troupes similar to?

A

Similar to work done by contemporary improv comedy groups

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21
Q

What are examples of contemporary improv comedy groups?

A

Second city, the groundings, upright citizens Brigade

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22
Q

What did stock characters deal with?

A

Stock characters live on in modern sitcom characters and deal with challenging situations each week

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23
Q

What is the exact origin of commedia?

A

The exact origin is unclear. Most scholars believe it was influenced by ancient Roman and Greek comedy

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24
Q

What happened traditions did commedia have?

A

Mediaeval traditions of carnival acrobats and jugglers

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25
Q

Where did the first performance of commedia take place?

A

Padua Italy in 1545

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26
Q

How was the Italian society was swarming?

A

literary, scientific, scullery academics

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27
Q

What were the names like when the Italian society was swarming?

A

Illuminati, Intrepedi, Animosi Gelosi, Uniti, Confideti

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28
Q

Who were troupes run by?

A

One leader or director

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29
Q

What’s the type of masks did the actors wear?

A

Elaborate half masks that covered the top half. It had exaggerated facial features to convey the characters personality

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30
Q

What were the three plots?

A
  1. Two young lovers (inna morati) were kept apart by
  2. Old men, fathers (masters)
  3. Servants (zanni) helped outwit old men - bring lovers together
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31
Q

What would the plots like?

A

Scenarii - simple

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32
Q

What would happen once the performers resigned?

A

Someone else would take over the role

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33
Q

What did the tropes travel with?

A

Everything they needed props, costumes, portable stages that was set up in any outdoor

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34
Q

What were they designed to perform in front of?

A

Basic backdrops of street lined houses public square

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35
Q

How did the troupes become more successful?

A

Acquired wealthy patrons who provided theatre

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36
Q

What did they keep to the minimum?

A

Even when they have permanent homes they kept props and scenery to the minimum. Their focus was on comic performance

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37
Q

When did the tropes travel throughout Europe?

A

During the 16th century they travelled throughout Spain, France, England, Germany and eastern Europe

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38
Q

What did the boisterous comedy influence?

A

Writers and performers all over the continents such as William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Molliere

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39
Q

Where women permitted to perform in theatre?

A

No they were not permitted

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40
Q

What happened when they were breaking tradition?

A

Actresses became famous for comedic an improvisational skill

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41
Q

What was commedia surrounded by?

A

Surrounded by love and they were short. Everyone with main characters

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42
Q

Who is Isabella Adreini?

A

1562 - 1604. Member of the il Gelosi (troupe). Most well-known women performing the character of the young lover Isabella was named after her

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43
Q

Who were the Gelosi troupe?

A

Isabella and Franco (husband)

44
Q

When did the Gelosi troupe disband?

A

When Isabella died in 1604

45
Q

Who published of comedian scenarios in 1611?

A

Flamino Scala worked with Il Confidenti and il Gelosi

46
Q

Who was the representative of the Theatre of Enacted Fables?

A

Il Featro Delle Favole

47
Q

When was commedia transformed?

A

17th century

48
Q

What was the transformation of comedia?

A

Leading performers were Italian. They found success. Found more success out of Italy

49
Q

What kings liked these performances?

A

French Kings Louis XIV and Louis XV

50
Q

Louis XV banished the Italians performers from Paris because?

A

They mocked the mistress Marquise de Maintenon but were invited back

51
Q

Why did popularity begin to fade?

A

Most skilled actors retired/died, companies dissolved, audience enthusiasm waned

52
Q

What are the requirements of actors?

A
  1. Physical abilities
  2. Vocal characterisation
  3. Trained on job
53
Q

What did playwrights draw on?

A

Commedia charters and situations

54
Q

What was Carlo Goldoni’s most popular play?

A

1753 play Arlecchino Servitory di due Padroni (servant of two masters)

55
Q

How was a play not proper?

A

Without actor improvisation

56
Q

The play was not proper, what did this do?

A

Left no room for performers to display full range of comedic skill, as it adds to the script

57
Q

What did Venetian aristocrat do?

A

Tuned poetic or dramatist Count Carlo Gozzi, wanted to return original style

58
Q

What helped Sacchi company?

A

Financial support, writing new material to help them re-gain glory

59
Q

What did Gozzi feel plays were destroying? Why?

A

Commedia, as it was transforming to ordinary scripted theatres

60
Q

What did Gozzi use material from in order to tailor material to talent of his acting company?

A

Fairy tales and folk stories

61
Q

True or false. Commedia is not a skill

A

False

62
Q

What influenced commedia?

A

Nationality

63
Q

How many groups to the character is divided into?

A

Three groups

64
Q

Name the three groups of characters

A
  1. Il vecchi (old master/masters)
  2. Il zanni (zanny servants)
  3. Gli innamorati (lovers)
65
Q

What role did the three group characters play?

A

The masters try to keep the lovers apart but the servants help one side or the other

66
Q

What does pantalone mean?

A

Mr. Big Pants

67
Q

What does pantaloons come from?

A

pantalones

68
Q

What were the Pantalones?

A

Wealthy, misery old man who is lecherous (offensive sexual desire)

69
Q

What did the Pantalones look like?

A

Hooked nose, wrinkled face, bushy eyebrows

70
Q

What type of costume did the Pantalones wear?

A

Baggy red pants

71
Q

What did the Il vecchi consist of?

A
  • Pantalone
  • Il Dottore
  • Il Capitano
72
Q

What did Il Dottore mean?

A

The doctor

73
Q

Who were the Il Dottore?

A

Smug know it all professor who actually knows nothing

74
Q

What type of mask did the Il Dottore wear?

A

Round stubby nose (pink), chubby cheeks, bushy eyebrows, moustache

75
Q

What costume did Il Dottore wear?

A

Mortarboard (graduation), broad brimmed hat, black academic robes

76
Q

What did Il Capitano mean?

A

The captain

77
Q

Who were the Il Capitano?

A

Posting macho soldier who is actually a coward underneath

78
Q

What type of name did Il Capitano have?

A

A long absurdly of the pretentious

79
Q

What does the Il Capitano tell?

A

Tells tales of victory but is actually frightened easily and treats in high voice of surprise

80
Q

What is prop does Il Capitano have?

A

Sword

81
Q

What mask does Il Capitano wear?

A

Long nose, wide eyes, exaggerated handlebar moustache

82
Q

What costume did Il Capitano wear?

A

Fancy, exaggerated military uniform with plumbed tricorn and has a sword

83
Q

What happened with the characters in the Il vecchi?

A

Pantalone and Il Dottore worked as a pair (friends/rivals). Il Capitano was new in town

84
Q

What did the Il zanni consist of?

A
  • Arlecchino
  • Brighella
  • Columbina
85
Q

Who is Arlecchino?

A

Harlequin, clown like. Stupid is but funniest. Nimble, aerobatics, tricky servant. Childlike and not too bright but wins in the end

86
Q

What mask does Arlecchino wear?

A

Sly, cat like face, short hose

87
Q

What costume does Arlecchino wear?

A

Tight fitting tunic, pants, pattern of multi coloured diamonds

88
Q

Who is Brighella?

A

Brawler, Knuckles, bruiser who is ready to fight. Tough guy servant, good liar and it’s always out for himself. Wise guy older brother

89
Q

What type of jobs would Brighella do?

A

Bartender, innkeeper, shopkeeper

90
Q

What mask did Brighella wear?

A

Green half mask with a greedy expression

91
Q

What costume did Brighella wear?

A

Loose fitting servants uniform or smock. Carries dagger or slapstick

92
Q

Who was Columbina?

A

Little dove. Why is cracking made who is the smartest character. Flirtatious and playful

93
Q

What is the type of jobs did Columbina participate in?

A

Servant, best friend, confidante, leading lady, Arlecchino’s girlfriend

94
Q

What’s mask did Colombina wear?

A

Sometimes a small half mask

95
Q

What costume did Colombina wear?

A

Low-cut maids uniform carrying a tambourine

96
Q

Who were the Gli Innamorati?

A

Young, graceful, attractive, fashionable who wore no mask they were slightly vain and not always bright. They were sincere

97
Q

What were the Gli Innamorati known?

A

Known by various names. The popular ones were Flavio and Isabella

98
Q

Who was Isabella named after?

A

Gli Innamorati. After Isabella Andreini in the Gelosi troupe

99
Q

What gender were the Masters?

A

Never women

100
Q

What gender was the lovers?

A

Males and females

101
Q

What gender were the servants?

A

Male or female

102
Q

When does the name of the character change?

A

Changes due to the context and place

103
Q

What were lazzi?

A

Many jokes (lazzo). It was physical and spoken. Comic bits and gags

104
Q

In terms of lazzi what did each character have?

A

Had their own lazzi. A good performance would have dozens of lazzi, to draw on any situation

105
Q

When did it begin?

A

Began in Italy during the sixteenth century

Drama (13 decks)

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