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college review Flashcards

1
Q

The most likely reason for European success in conquering the Indian population is?

A

the lack of united resistance amongst Native Americans

additioal_+ many Indians died to disease, Europeans had greater numbers (maybe superior weapons too)

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2
Q

Most archaeologists and historians believe that the first peoples who colonized the Americas came from:

A

Asia

additional: Bering Strait, maybe Pacific Islands

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3
Q

What were the effects of the Columbian Exchange on Native Americans?

A

introduction of horse allowed Great Plains tribes to hunt more effectively

additional info: Disease from Europe killed many of them (no immunity)

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4
Q

In founding the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe’s primary purpose was to?

A

provide a refuge for english debtors

also: wanted improved conditions for debtors, abolition of slavery, “worthy” poor of England could have econ opportunities

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5
Q

The Puritans who settled New England hoped to achieve?

A

create a model religious society based on biblical principles, hoped to escape what they believed were religious and worldly corruptions in English society; would establish “city upon a hill” (a Bible
Commonwealth), escape persecution

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6
Q

By the early 1700s, South Carolina’s most important staple crop was what?

A

Rice

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7
Q

What role did Native Americans play in British imperial wars during the 18th century?

A

They did much of the fighting in the wars

Most Native Americans sided with the side that they felt would advance their liberty - the British (joined france when fought britain though). Most Iroquois nations sided with British, but Oneida joined americans. In the South, young Cherokee leaders joined British, Oneida joined Americans.

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8
Q

As slave society consolidated in the Chesapeake region, what happened to free blacks?

A

lost many of their rights

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9
Q

What was the task system?

A

Individual slaves were assigned daily jobs, the completion of which allowed them time for leisure or to cultivate crops of their own

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10
Q

The most famous Great Awakening Revivalist minister was?

A

George Whitefield

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11
Q

Who drafted the Albany Plan of Union?

A

Benjamin Franklin

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12
Q

“Salutary Neglect:”

A

informal british policy first 1/2 1700s allowed American colonies freedom to pursue economic and political interests in exchange for colonial obedience; colonies governed themselves

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13
Q

William Penn was a member of which religious group?

A

Quakers

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14
Q

Which battle was a major turning point in the American Revolution and convince the French to form an alliance with the American Colonies?

A

Saratoga

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14
Q

Which battle guaranteed that George Washington would remain in command of the Continental military forces?

A

Trenton

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15
Q

The relationship between the national government and the states is called?

A

Federalism

additional info: sometimes called division of powers

federalism: system of government which power is divided between central government and states

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16
Q

The primary issue in dispute in Daniel Shay’s Rebellion was?

A

The failure of Massachusetts to pay a promised postwar bonus to soldiers who served during the Revolution.

debt; farmer Shay and compatriots sought debt relief through paper currency and lower taxes to prevent courts from seizing properties from indebted farmers

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17
Q

Great Britain responded to the Boston Tea Party with:

A

The Intolerable Acts (forced payment for tea, closed boston port, quartering soldiers, less elected positions)

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18
Q

What is the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?

A

France agreed to aid America in Independence War

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19
Q

Which of the following was a strength of the government under the Articles of Confederation?

A

had power in questions of war and peace

established national control over western land on 13 states and devised rules for settlement, Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (law created NW Territory, N Ohio + W Pennsylvania, established conditions for self govt and statehood, included Bill of Rights, permanently prohibited slavery but futile) declare war, appoint military officers, sign treaties, make alliances, appoint foreign ambassadors, and manage relations with Indians

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19
Q

The Whiskey Rebellion ended when what happened?

A

Washington disptached 13k militiamen and accompanied them; “rebels” no resist

TDLR Washington exerted dominance and showed self-govt has power, will survive

20
Q

In the winter of 1776-1777, Washington won important victories that improved American morale. These were located at?

A

Battle of Trenton and Battle of Princeton, occurred in New Jersey

21
Q

Which document ended the War of 1812?

A

Treaty of Ghent

22
Q

The Louisiana Purchase:

A

Presd. Jefferson’s 1803 purchase from France (Napolean) of New Orleans important port and 828,000 sq. miles west of Miss. R to Rocky Mtns; more than doubled mUS at only $15mil
additional info:

23
Q

Tecumseh was

A

Shawnee chief that united Indians during the War of 1812

24
Q

In the case McCulloch v Maryland, the Supreme Court upheld which type of constitutional interpretation?

A

Loose, broad instruction and implied powers

25
Q

Chief John Marshall’s greatest impact on the United States was what?

A

Significantly enhanced powers of the federal government (and judicial branch)

26
Q

Jackson’s assertion in his veto message was that the Second Bank of the United States was?

A

was an institution that favored a privileged minority of the population

unacceptable for Congress create source of concentrated power and economic privilege unaccountable to the people

27
Q

The Embargo Act (1807) cut off U.S shipping with?

A

Britain and France (foreign countries in general)

28
Q

The concept of nullification became an issue/crisis during the 1830s when what occurred?

A

Nullification crisis- South Carolina nullified congressional tariff bills

additional info: Webster-Hayne debate led to..?

29
Q

Whose presidential administration was characterized as the “Era of Good Feelings”?

A

James Monroe

30
Q

The Wilmot Proviso:

A

Called for American annexation of land conquered from Mexico as free territory

proposal to prohibit slavery in land acquired from Mexican war; defeated by southern senators, led by John C. Calhoun of S Carolina 1846-1847

additional info: David Wilmot proposed, northerners supported southerners did not

31
Q

A central element in the conquest and submission of the American Indians of the West was the?

A

Destruction of the buffalo herds

31
Q

The American or “Know-Nothing” Party of the 1850s:

A

sought to limit rights of immigrants

also: nativist, anyti-catholic third party 1854 in reaction to large-scale German and Irish immigratio; party’s only presd candidate was Millard Fillmore 1856.; s1853 Massachusetts state elections, elected every role, major component of victorious “anti-Nebraska” that against Kansas Nebraska act, ant slavery, began as secret organization who responded “I know nothing” when asked about existence

32
Q

Who advocated for the immediate and uncompensated release of all slaves held in the United States?

A

William Lloyd Garrison

33
Q

As a result of the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852

A

Abolitionism gained ground in the North

34
Q

Why did the Mormons migrate west?

A

hoped to practice religion free of persecution previously in East

35
Q

The Republican Party campaign platform of 1860 called for?

A

the use of popular sovereignty to determine fate of slavery on the frontier

a fundamental shift in power, beginning of long Republican rule, North antislavery sentiment, opposition to expansion of slavery and promise of free homesteads for settlers in West

36
Q

The faction of the Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War became known as the?

A

Copperheads

addittional info: also known as Peaceheads

37
Q

The ultimate consequence of the sharecropping system for the South was?

A

increase in poverty for both blacks and whites

38
Q

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court ruled that:

A

1896 Congress showed support of Jim Crow laws, segregation was legal (separate but equal)

39
Q

The primary focus of women’s reform movements in the fifty years after the Civil War was the struggle for:

A

(women’s) Suffrage

40
Q

The belief that the United States had a special mission to expand over the entire North American continent was known as?

A

Manifest Destiny

41
Q

The first Battle of Bull Run was significant because?

A

first real battle of Civil War, showed both sides that the war wouldn’t end quickly, ended with Confederate victory

first significant land engagement of Civil War where Union troops quickly retreated; July 21, 1861 at Manassas Junction, Virginia

additional info: George B. McClellan assumed cmd of Union’s Army of the Potomac, succeeded in wielding his men into a superb force but reluctant to commit them to battle, Decromat. Months of military inactivity followed

42
Q

Who was elected president of the Confederate States of America?

A

Jefferson Davis

43
Q

During the Civil War, Kansas and Missouri were:

A

ravaged by guerrilla bands and fighting from both sides

44
Q

Emancipation Proclamation:

A

freed slaves only in areas in rebellion against USA but not in areas that remained loyal

declaration issued by Presd Lincoln; preliminary proclamation Sept22 1862, freed Confederate controlled slaves starting Jan1 1863 (date of final proclamation; also authorized black soldiers into Union army

additional info: did not liberate all slaves (only few), did not apply to loyal border slave states or Confederate areas occupied by Union solders, 3mil+ south slaves free, confedarate slaves mot liberated, sounded eventual death knell of slavery

45
Q

The Battle of Antietam was:

A

the bloodiest single single (purposely written ) day’s fight of the Civil War and grounds for Lincoln to remove Gen. McClellan

45
Q

The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because:

A

largest battle fought on North America; the Confederate defeat and loss at Vicksburg marked military turning point of Civil War

additional info: southern pennsylvania july 1-3 1863

46
Q

What two issues lay at the heart of Reconstruction?

A

The future of political and economic power for freed slaves, and the future of North-South economic and political relations.

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