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Health Promotion > Cold Vs Influenza and Epistaxis > Flashcards

Cold Vs Influenza and Epistaxis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Rhinitis

A

Cold- Inflamation of the mucous membranes of the nose. Most common cause of the common cold.

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2
Q

How is Rhinitis Spread and how contagious is it?

A

It is spread via Droplet Nuclei. It is very contagious with a virus that spreads two full days before a patient or host is symptomatic

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3
Q

What are the two Tyoes of Rhinitis

A

Allergic - ie Seasonal Allergies

Chronic- Found more in the elderly due to older mucous membranes and dehydration

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4
Q

What are some Risk factors attributed to Rhinitis

A

Age- More prone in elderly/Children

Immuno compromised patients are at higher risk

Time of the Year

Smoking or exposure to enviornmental toxins/pollutants

excessive excersise(drying of mucosal areas)

Stress

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5
Q

4 types of influenza

A

Swine Flu - H1N1 spread from pigs

Avian(bird) Flu- Birds, open air markets SARS

MERS- Middle eastern respiratory Syndrome

Ebola- Early s/s of ebola similar to influenza

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6
Q

Cold Vs Flu Ability to function

A

With a cold you can function with a flu you are very sick

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7
Q

S/S of Cold

A
  • Fever is rare
  • slight body aches
  • chills are uncommon
  • fatigue is mild
  • develops over a few days
  • mucus, cough, sneezing, Sore throat, stuffy nose
  • Mild to moderate chest discomfort
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8
Q

S/S of Flu

A
  • Fever Chills, headach
  • severe aches, Severe fatigue
  • S/S have rapid onset
  • dry cough, Chest discomfort can be severe
  • Sneezing stuffy nose and sore throat are not as common
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9
Q

Complications of a cold

A

Asthma, sinus congestion, and middle ear infections

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10
Q

Complications of the Flu

A

Bronchittis, Pnemonia

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11
Q

What are some preventative Measures to avoid the cold and Flu

A

1 Hand washing, Hand Washing, Hand Washing

Avoid sick people

Stay home when sick

Clean hands

Avoid touching eyes, nose mouth

Eating Healthy

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12
Q

What is herd immunity

A

The majority of those are vacinated protecting those not vacinated.. if the majority are not vacinated one person who is ill can affect the whole herd

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13
Q

Possible Nursing Diagnosis for Pts with Upper Respiratory infections

A

Inefective airway clearance

Acute Pain

Fluid volume deficit( tachycardia, Decrease urine output)

Knowledge Deficit R/T Prevention, treatment, regimen

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14
Q

Nursing interventions for Respiratory Illness r/t ineffective airway clearence

A

Elevate HOB

Humidity

Increase fluids( Non productive Cough)(cough Suppressent)

Encourage Rest (Dyspnea on exertion)

Expectorants PRN with productive coughs only

NSAIDS for Pain

Notify MD if no improvement withing 3-5 Days.

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15
Q

Medications for Upper respiratory disorders

A

Antihistamines(H1 Receptor Blockers)-diphenhydrAMINE(benydryl)

Nasal Decongestants- Cause Vascular Constriction (Afryn)

Systmeic Decongestants- Pseudophedrine- Do not use with HTN, or MAOI due to increase HR/ BP

Intranasal Glucocorticoids- Do not use more than 30 Days (Flonase)

Normal Saline- Na2 decreases mucous membrane size by pulling fluid.

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16
Q

Antitussives

A

Acts on cough supressing cough reflex (tussin)

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17
Q

Expectorants

A

Loosen Secretions (guafenison)

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18
Q

What should you do if pt presents with cough > a week or fever

A

Refer to MD

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19
Q

What is the most important patient education with Cold and Flu

A

Handwashing

20
Q

What is the number one prevention used for flu

A

Vacinne

21
Q

Flu Is diagnosed with a

A

Rapid immunoassay on a nasal or throat swab, or quick vac that takes 15minutes

22
Q

Key Facts on seasonal influenza

A
  • Is an acurte viral infection that spreads easily form person to person
  • circulate worldwide and can affect anybody in any age group
  • causes annual epidemics thant peak during winter months
  • prevention of infection is done with vaccination
  • antiviral medication is effective in treating influenza
23
Q

Influenza treatment is similar to cold, but can adminitser what?

A

Antiviral drugs

oseltamivir(Tamiflu)

Zanamivir (Relenza)

Andamantanes

  • amantadine
  • rimantadine

Must be given within 1st 48 hours to reduce symptoms

24
Q

The annual flu vacine is a Trivalent Vaccine. What does this mean

A

Trivalent vaccines protect against three strands of the flu determined by current epidemiology. There is a quadravalent vaccine that protects against 4 strains.

25
Q

Vaccines come in two forms Injection and nasal spray, which is the live vaccine

A

Nasal spray is a live virus that can only be given to healthy patients between the ages of 2-49 and women can not be pregnant. Patients over 65 it is recomended also recieve a Pnemo vax

26
Q

Who Should Get a Vaccine

A

Everyone who can tolerate it

27
Q

who should not get a vaccine

A

People with a fever or illness tha tis more than just a cold

anyone who has had a moderate to severe reaction after a previous flu vaccine

anyone who has developed Guillian Barre with in 6 weeks after recieving a flu vaccine

28
Q

True or False?

If you are allergic to eggs you cannot get the flu vaccine.

A

False. However you must request a non egg medium

29
Q

Airway clearance in a client with an upper respiratory infection is facilitated by which of the following:

  1. Decreased systemic hydration
  2. humidifying inspired room air
  3. positional drainage of affected side
    1. administering vasoconstrive medications
A
  1. Humidifying inspired room air.

This helps to aid in moistening mucous membranes increasing ease of air exchange

30
Q

A school nurse is presenting a class to kindergarden students on preventing the common cold. Which information should be included by the nurse

  1. Instruct the children to always keep a tissue or handkerchief with them
  2. explain that children current with immunizations will not get a cold
  3. tell the children they should go to the doctor if they get a cold
  4. include a demonstration on how to wash hands
A
  1. Include a demonstration on how to wash hands

Hand washing is the number one way to prevent the spread of the common cold germs

31
Q

What is epistaxis

A

Epistaxis is bleeding from inside the nose either from the anterior nasal cavity or posterior nasal cavity

32
Q

if a patient is in the sitting positon where will blood flow if the pt has an anterior nose bleed

A

Blood will flow from the front of the nose out the nares if a pt is in the sitting positon and has an anterior nose bleed.

33
Q

A patient has a nose bleed in the posterior aspect of the nose. Where should the nurse expect to find bleeding

A

The blood with flow to the back of the throat. The patient may cough up this blood that will look like coffee grounds.

34
Q

Signs and symptoms of an Anterior Nose bleed

A
  • prone for drying and micro trauma by picking nose
  • most common site for epistaxis in children
  • Trauma main cause
  • Bleeding is generally mild can be controlled by local pressure or anteriornasal packing
35
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Posterior Nose Bleed

A
  • Less Common
  • Difficult to control
  • generally found in pts over 40
  • it is Spontaneous, often caused by HTN or Arteriosclerosis
  • Severe bleeding , requires hospitialization and posterior packing or the post nasal area or balloon
36
Q

Select the True Statement

  1. anterior epistaxis is usually caused by Hypertension
  2. Posterior Epistaxis is more common
  3. anterior expistaxis does not usually occure in children and young adults
  4. Anterior epistaxis bleeding is usually mild
A
  1. Anterior epistaxis bleeding is usually mild
37
Q

Local Causes of Epistaxis are

A
  • Congenital: Telengectasia(osler-weber-rendau syndrome), Hemangioma
  • Infections:
    • Viral: Influenza, Measles
    • Bacterial: acute/chronic rhinitis/Sinusitis
    • Fungal
  • Trauma
    • Microtrauma
    • Forigen body
    • accidental
    • latrogenic
38
Q

What is a trauma to the nose

A

Injuries

intra nasal surgery

violent sneezing

fracture of middle one third of face and base of skull

39
Q

What are some acute causes of Epistaxis

A

Viral Rinitis

Nasal dipteria

A/C Sinusitis

40
Q

What are some chronic Causes of nose bleed

A

Attrophic Rihinitis

Rhinitis Sicca

Tuberculosis

Syphlis

Rhinosporidosis

41
Q

Epistaxis Management

A

5-10 Minutes of Pressure

Head errect and forward for anterior bleeds

assess location of bleed

may use a nasal decongestant to vaso constrict area of bleed

42
Q

If direct pressure does not stop a nose bleed, what treatment can be used.

A

Cauterization

43
Q

For posterior bleeds what is the primary treatment

A

Cotton spounge packing placed in through the mouth out the nose, may get rhinosiitis form packing, also toxic shock do to packing more that 6-7 days

Also a catheter for posterior bleeds

44
Q

Pts prone to epistaxis should follow the following

A
  • No vigurous activity
  • no spicy foods
  • no tobacco
  • no blowing of the nose
  • no straining or bearing down with BM
  • Avoid high altitudes
  • teach bleeding control
45
Q
A

Health Promotion (14 decks)

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