Care of the Cancer Patient Flashcards
Hyperplasia- Stressor causes
Increase in the number of cells in a tissue. Rapid body growth is a cause(ie growth spurt)Callus
Metaplasia- Stressor causes(tobacco)
conversion of one type of mature cell into another type of cell
Dysplasia- Stressor causes (tobacco)
Bizzare cell growth resulting in cells that differ in size, shape, or arrangement from other cells of the same cell type
neoplasia
Uncontrolled cell growth that follows no physiological demands
Anaplasia
Cells that lack normal cellular characteristics and differ in shape and organization with respect to their cells of origin( Malignant cells)
Metastasis
Spread of Abnormal cells to other origins of the body
Lymphatic metastasis(spread)
transport of tumor through the lymphatic circulation
Hematogenus Spread
Transport from blood supply of tumor to other origins of the body
Angogenesis
Ability to induce(grow) new capillaries in a tumor from the host cells to meet the needs of the tumors nutrients and oxygen.
Cancer
A disease process that begins when an abnormal cell is transformed by the genetic mutation of cellular DNA
Primary Prevention of Cancer
is concerned with the reduction of cancer risk through health promotion
Secondary prevention of cancer
Detection and screening to achieve early diagnosis and intervention in individuals who lack signs and symptoms of cancer
Primary Prevention
- maintian a healthy weight
- adopt a physically active lifestyle
- consume a healthy diet with emphasis on plant sources
- avoid known carcinogens(tobacco, carbon)
Secondary Prevetion
Goal to decrease cancer morbitity and mortality
- Cancer Screening-
- Self-breast exam(monthly)/mamography(yearly after 40)
- Self testicular exam(monthly)
- Screening Colonoscopy50 and every ten years after/FOB Yearly
- Pap Smear every 3 years
Tertiary Prevention
Focus on monitory for and preventing recurrence of primary cancer as well as screening for secondary mallignancies.
Often found in lymphoma, and Leukemia
What are the CAUTION warning Signs of Cancer
- C= Change in bowel or bladder habits
- A= A sore that does not heal
- U= Unsusual bleeding or discharges
- T= Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
- I= Indegestion or difficulty swallowing
- O= Obvious changes in wart or mole
- N= Nagging cough or hoarsness
Diagnostic techniques
Biopsy
MRI
PET
Tumor Staging Size
T The extent of the tumor
0-4 higher number worse off
x= tumor can not be assessed
ie T1 T2 T3 T4 Tx
Tumor Staging Metastisis
N The absence or pressence of Regional metastisis
N0 No regional lymph node metastisis
0-3 extent of regional involvement Higher number more involved
ie N0, N1, N2, N3
Tumor Staging Metastisis
The abscense or presence of Distant non regional metastisis
M1 means distant or metastisis present
M0 No distant metastisis
Cancer Staging
Stage 0 or 1 early stages good diagnosis Local not grown into other tissues
Stage 2/3 Larger tumors more invasive to nearby tissues and have spread to lymph nodes
Stage 4 Cancer has metstisised to other parts of the body
Types of cancer management include
Cure- Complete eradication
Control- Prolonged survival and containment
Palliatation= relief of symptoms association of quality of life
Types of surgery
- Diagnostic
- biopsy, needle, incisional
- Primary Surgery
- Local excision of tumor lymph and surronding tissue
- Prophlyactic-
- removing non vital organs that are likely to develop cancer
- Factors considered
- family and genetic predispositoin
- presence or abscene of symptoms
- potential risks
- patients acceptance of the post=op outcome
Paliative Surgical Procedures
- Drainage tubes
- G and J tubes
- Stent placements
- nerve blocks
- hormone manipulation
- venous access device placement(Central line, Medi port)
