Cognitive Psychology Flashcards
Define ‘encoding’ when discussing memory
transforming sensory experience into a form that can be stored in the memory system
Define ‘storage’ and ‘retrieval’
holding information in the memory system
recovering information that has been stored in the memory system
Define ‘capacity’ and ‘duration’
the amount of information that can be held in the memory system
the amount of time information can be held in the memory system
which psychologist made the multistore model of memory
Atkinson and Shiffrin
which psychologist made the reconstructive memory
Bartlett
which psychologist made the explanation of LTM
Tulving
which psychologist made the working memory model
Baddeley and Hitch
What is the claim of the multistore model of memory
information passes through 3 distinct memory stores: sensory register, STM and LTM
Describe the LTM
encodes semantically
duration is potentially indefinite
capacity is potentially unlimited
new information can interfere with older information
Describe the sensory register
encodes modality-specific
capacity is up to 5 items
duration is less than 1 second
if attended to, info passes from STM. if unattended, info decays
supporting evidence for multistore
clive wearing- intact STM but impaired LTM (can’t remember having a conversation with his wife)
describe the STM
encodes acoustically
capacity is 5-9 items
duration is less than 30 seconds
info will be lost if unrehearsed
opposing evidence for multistore
msm is too simplistic as clive suggests that there is more than one type of LTM. he remembers how to play piano but not his childrens name
different theory for multistore
tulving- 2 aspects of LTM, episodic and semantic. msm is too simplistic as suggests there’s only 1 type of LTM
application for multistore
chunking is used to maximise STM capacity and to revise based on meanings (semantically)
