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CHIPs yr 2 > cognitive psychology > Flashcards

cognitive psychology Flashcards

1
Q

what was tolman dissatisfied with in behaviourism?

A

the stimulus-response accounts

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2
Q

what term did tolman coin?

A

cognitive map

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3
Q

what is the cognitive map?

A

animals learn layout of maze and use representation of map flexibly

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4
Q

what does the cognitive map show about place learning?

A

place learning is easier under the conditions of the experiment than response learning

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5
Q

what is the homunculus problem?

A

who is reading the cognitive map?

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6
Q

what was the impact of the cognitive map on mediation?

A

opened the door to mediation due to intervening states between stimulus and response

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7
Q

what is mediation?

A

adjustment

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8
Q

what did garcia et al (1995) discover about preparedness?

A

some conditions cant be conditioned and some learning occurs too quickly

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9
Q

what did breland & breland (1961) discover about preparedness?

A

there are species differences in behaviour

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10
Q

what is breland & breland’s (1961) instinctive drift?

A

animals revert back to natural behaviour

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11
Q

what did breland & breland (1961) questions about behaviourism?

A

the three basic tenets
- all animals tabula rasa
- species differences dont matter
- all responses equally conditionable to all stimuli

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12
Q

what did breland and breland (1961) say about behaviour?

A

behaviour cant be understood, predicted or controlled without knowledge of instinctive patterns, evolutionary history and ecological niche

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13
Q

how were computers changed after ww2?

A

computers can do multiple things depending on their programming

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14
Q

what is the importance of computer programming?

A

computer programming highlights the importance of internal states

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15
Q

what did cognitive psychology reintroduce?

A

mental states

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16
Q

what does psychology keep emphasis on?

A

observability

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17
Q

what are mental states tied to?

A

perceptual inputs and behavioural outputs

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18
Q

what do mental states cause?

A

behaviour and mental states (psychological causality)

19
Q

what did leahy (1992) say about continuity?

A

there was no principled break between behaviourism and cognitive psychology

20
Q

what are the goals of cognitive psychology?

A

description, prediction and control of behaviour

21
Q

what does psychology say about experience?

A

there is no subjective experience

22
Q

what is at the core of cognitive psychology?

A

mental representations

23
Q

what are mental representations manipulated by?

A

cognitive processes

24
Q

what is the relationship between processing and information?

A

what is processed, is information

25
Q

what is sense input?

A

information

26
Q

what is the impact of sense input on psychology?

A

allows non-physical nature of thought, without the dualism problem

27
Q

what does information feedback solve?

A

the homunculus problem

28
Q

what three things need to be done to information?

A

information needs to be filtered, processed, and stored

29
Q

what did cognitive psychology give rise to?

A

functionalism

30
Q

what does functionalism say about the mind?

A

the mind is a separate layer of info implemented on the brain

31
Q

what is multiple realisability?

A

psychology of system depends on how stuff is put together, not the stuff it is made of

32
Q

what sort of machine does functionalism allow us to build?

A

a machine that is conscious

33
Q

what is weak AI?

A

the computer is a tool in study of the mind

34
Q

what is strong AI?

A

appropriately programmed computer is the mind and has cognitive states

35
Q

what is the turing test?

A

a machine can think if a human cannot distinguish between a machine and human

36
Q

what is hard AI?

A

computers understand questions

37
Q

how does searle describe syntax?

A

rules for creating sentences (giving answers)

38
Q

how does searle describe semantics?

A

meaning of the sentence (speaking chinese)

39
Q

what was the finding of the chinese room (searle)?

A

computers are stuck at syntactic level

40
Q

what is there a misunderstanding about in AI and cognitive psychology?

A

the difference between description of a thing and the thing itself

41
Q

how may computers and humans differ in terms of rules?

A

computers follow strict algorithms/rules but human brains may not

42
Q

what does AI underestimate?

A

the difficulty of motor tasks and the influence interactions with the world have on us

43
Q

what is new AI?

A

there are no distinctions between syntax and semantics

44
Q

what did khrizhevsky et al (2012) say about new AI?

A

new AI is not an appropriate model for human processes yet as you need to many examples to learn

CHIPs yr 2 (12 decks)

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