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CHIPs yr 2 > behaviourism > Flashcards

behaviourism Flashcards

1
Q

how are behaviours acquired?

A

through interaction with the environment

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2
Q

what philosophical influence plays a role in behaviourism?

A

positivism

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3
Q

what are 3 historical roots of behaviourism?

A
  • reflex theory of brain
  • darwinism
  • functionalism
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4
Q

what are the 3 basic tenets of behaviourism?

A
  • species’ differences are insignificant
  • animals are tabula rasa
  • all behaviours are equally trainable in response to all stimuli
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5
Q

how did romanes explain animal behaviour?

A

in psychological terms, anecdotally, anthropomorphically

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6
Q

what is anthropomorphic interpretation?

A

attribute human behaviour to animals

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7
Q

what did lloyd morgan’s canon warn against?

A

the belief that human and animal cognitive processes are the same

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8
Q

what speculation was lloyd morgan against?

A

the speculation of the existence of thoughts and feelings in non-humans

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9
Q

what 2 things was thorndike against?

A

anecdote and anthropomorphism

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10
Q

what did thorndike discover about animal behaviour through his puzzle boxes?

A

animals associate correct responses with rewards

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11
Q

what is throndike’s law of effect?

A

rewards stamp in connection between situation and motor response,

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12
Q

how is learning decided according to law of effect?

A

unconsciously through connecting

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13
Q

how did watson describe behaviourism?

A

purely objective, experimental branch of natural science

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14
Q

what was watson against?

A

introspection, delusion to think psychology observes mental states

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15
Q

how did watson describe consciousness?

A

relic of ancient days of superstition and magic

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16
Q

how did watson describe behaviour?

A

there are no centrally initiated processes, the mind is behaviour

17
Q

what is anti-nativism?

A

all characteristics, talents, capacities are learnt, not inherited

18
Q

what was watson’s most famous behaviourism study?

A

little albert

19
Q

where was behaviourism most dominant?

A

the US

20
Q

how did pavlov’s conditioned reflex method contribute to behaviourism?

A

enabled reflexes to be manipulated experimentally

21
Q

what did pavlov discover to be the building block of behaviour?

A

forming an association between 2 stimuli

22
Q

what do behaviourists debate about studying?

A

internal processes

23
Q

when was the age of learning theory?

A

the 1930s

24
Q

what was the age of learning theory?

A

various theories used as a general explanation of behaviour

25
Q

what were theories in the age of learning theory reliant on?

A

operational definitions

26
Q

what is radical behaviourism?

A

prediction and control of behaviour

27
Q

what does radical behaviourism say about the mind and self?

A

there is no place for a mind or self

28
Q

why were animals used in behaviourism?

A

they are simplified humans that are easier to be objective about

29
Q

what did hull discover in his rat study?

A

rats learned stimulus-response connections

30
Q

what mechanism forms S-R connections?

A

law of effect

31
Q

why do rats not know the consequences of their actions?

A

the S-R connections are the knowledge

32
Q

what 2 things can behaviour be affected by?

A

current environmental conditions & past events

33
Q

what are proto-cognitivists?

A

account for behaviour in terms of internal mechanisms e.g. hull

34
Q

why did skinner not believe in psychological theories?

A

theory refers to any explanation of observed facts, applied to events taking place somewhere else

35
Q

what did skinner want to explore relations between?

A

emitted behaviours (response rate) and environmental elements (reward rate, presence of stimuli)

36
Q

what did skinner say about contingencies of reinforcement?

A

they hardly need theory

37
Q

how did the skinner improve the messiness of psychology?

A

everything is clearly defined (stimulus, response, reinforcement, environment), gave it physics-like precision

38
Q

what are schedules of reinforcement?

A

how often a reward is given

CHIPs yr 2 (12 decks)

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