Cognitive Perspective & Being a Member of a Stigmatized Group

Question 1

the tendency of humans to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways

Answer 1

cognitive miser
(ex.stereotyping)

Question 2

Perception of out-group members as being more similar to one another than in-group members

• “They all look alike, we’re diverse”
• Own race bias and line up studies
• members of outgroup are perceived as more similar to one another

Answer 2

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Question 3

The pairing of 2 distinctive events that stand out even more because they occur together

Answer 3

Paired distinctiveness

Question 4

creating a category for exceptions

Answer 4

Subtyping

Question 5

belittling the outgroup

Answer 5

Outgroup denigration (criticism)

Question 6

Belief that the world is just and that people get what they deserve

Answer 6

Just world belief

Question 7

a form of bias that occurs automatically and unintentionally, that nevertheless affects judgments, decisions, and behaviors

ex. when most people hear the word “kindergarten teacher,” they are more likely to picture a female.

Answer 7

implicit bias

Question 8

A disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will verify the negative stereotype

Spencer and Steele (1995): Women and Math Tests

What about if the stereotype is positive?

Black and Whites played mini-golf, which supposedly measured
- “Natural athletic ability”
- “Sports intelligence”

Answer 8

stereotype threat

Question 9

Systematic, pervasive racial bias in the decisions to shoot versus not to shoot (Correll, park, judd and Wittenbrink, 2002)

Answer 9

shooter bias