Altruism and Morality

Question 1

Goal to increase another’s welfare, regardless of other consequences brought about by goal pursuit behavior (including benefits to oneself)

Answer 1

Altruistic motivation for altruism

Question 2

Goal to increase one’s own welfare, regardless of other consequences brought about by goal pursuit behavior (including benefits to others)

Answer 2

Egoistic motivation for altruism

Question 3

Genes have to survive, not you, so help those who share your genes!!

Answer 3

Kin selection

KIN SELECTION DOES NOT EXPLAIN ALTRUISM TOWARD NON-RELATIVES!!

Question 4

• We help those who help us back
• Tit-for-tat strategy
• Reciprocity norms

Answer 4

Reciprocal altruism

Question 5

Seeing someone in distress makes us feel bad

We help to eliminate our own negative feelings

Answer 5

Negative state relief hypothesis

Question 6

• Sometimes we help; even at great personal cost

Empathic Concern: identifying with another person- feeling and understanding what that person is experiencing- accompanied by the intention to help the person in need

• When people feel empathy, we should help for altruistic reasons, regardless of personal costs

Answer 6

Empathy-altruism (empathic concern) hypothesis

Question 7

occurs when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation, against a bully, or during an assault or other crime

Answer 7

Bystander effect

Question 8

5-stage model of bystander intervention

Answer 8

Stage 1: noticing a person, event, or situation that may require help (obstacles)

Stage 2: interpreting that help is needed (obstacles)

Stage 3: taking responsibility for helping (obstacles)

Stage 4: deciding how to help (obstacles)

Stage 5: helping

Question 9

tendency for each group member to dilute personal responsibility for acting spreading it among all other group members

Answer 9

Diffusion of responsibility