Cognitive Disorders

Question 0

Illusions

Answer 0

Errors in perception of sensory stimuli

Question 1

Sundowning

Answer 1

Sx and problem behaviors become more pronounced in the evening

Question 2

Hallucinations

Answer 2

False sensory stimuli

Question 3

Hypervigilance

Answer 3

Overly alert

Question 4

Delirium

Answer 4

Disturbance in consciousness and change in cognition that occur over a short period of time

Question 5

Dementia

Answer 5

Progressive deterioration of cognitive functioning and global impairment of intellect with no change in consciousness

Question 6

Most common cause of dementia in older adults

Answer 6

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 7

Primary Dementia

Answer 7

Irreversible, progressive, and not secondary to any other disorder (i.e. AD, vascular dementia)

Question 8

Secondary Dementia

Answer 8

Occurs as a result of some other pathological process (i.e. AIDS dementia complex, Korsakoff’s syndrome)

Question 9

Confabulation

Answer 9

Creation of stories or answers in place of actual memories; unconscious attempt to maintain self-esteem

Question 10

Perseveration

Answer 10

Repetition of phrases or behavior

Question 11

Aphasia

Answer 11

Loss of language ability

Question 12

Apraxia

Answer 12

Loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment

Question 13

Agnosia

Answer 13

Loss of sensory ability to recognize objects

Question 14

Disturbance in Executive Functioning

Answer 14

Loss of planning, organizing, abstract thinking skills

Question 15

Alzheimer’s Disease: Stage 1(mild)

Answer 15

Loss of energy, drive, initiative; difficulty learning new things

Question 16

Alzheimer’s Disease: Stage 2 (moderate)

Answer 16

Memory gaps, apraxia, labile mood with bursts of paranoia, jealousy, anger, apathy; client is usually in denial; needs full-time supervision/care

Question 17

Alzheimer’s Disease: Stage 3 (moderate to severe)

Answer 17

Severe agnosia, advanced apraxia, wandering; client often in need of total care; agitation, violence, paranoia, delusions are common

Question 18

Alzheimer’s Disease: Stage 4 (late)

Answer 18

Agraphia, hyperorality, hypermetamorphosis, blunting of emotions, visual agnosia

Question 19

Agraphia

Answer 19

Inability to read or write

Question 20

Hyperorality

Answer 20

The need to taste, chew, put everything in one’s mouth

Question 21

Hypermetamorphosis

Answer 21

Touching of everything in sight

Question 22

Tacrine (Cognex)

Answer 22

Cholinesterase Inhibitor; no longer actively used due to high frequency of side effects including liver toxicity

Question 23

Donepezil (Aricept)

Answer 23

Cholinesterase Inhibitor; drug of choice for AD

Question 24

Rivastigmine (Exelon)

Answer 24

Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Question 25

Galantamine (Razadyne)

Answer 25

Cholinesterase Inhibitor; for first and second stages of AD

Question 26

Memantine (Namenda)

Answer 26

N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) Antagonist; targets sx during moderate to severe stages AD