Cognitive Development Flashcards
How many stages of development did Piaget propose?
There are 4 stages of development.
What does Piaget’s theory emphasize?
Active participation and reminds teachers that children’s thinking changes based on the stages of life.
How is a scheme defined?
An individuals generalized (speculated) way of responding to the world.
Adapting new information into an existing scheme through?
Assimilation, Accommodation, and Equilibrium.
When people deal with new information that is consistent with their present world view or scheme
Assimilation
Assimilation Example:
A five year old identifies a clog as a type of shoe.
Must incorporate a new experience that requires them to modify (change, adapt) their old scheme
Accommodation
Accommodation example:
The five year old understands it is made of glass therefore it cannot be a shoe. It does not work the way shoes do. Forces them to change their way of thinking.
An individual tries to adjust prior schemes with new experiences that do not fit into the existing scheme.
Equilibration
Equilibration Example:
mentally wrestling, trying to find balance.
At what age does the sensorimotor stage (piaget occur)
0-2 years
cognitive development occurs through the body and senses.
Language is absent until the end of the stage.
Egocentrism- inability to understand from someone else’s point of view.
Sensorimotor
How do we educate students at this stage?
Create lessons that encourage stimulation through various shapes, colors, and sizes.
Allow the students to engage with the elements in the environment.
At what age is he pre-operational stage?
2-7 years
Uses symbols but cannot manipulate them
Beginnings of representation
Egocentric (self centered) and socialized speech (the give and take between two people)
Pre-Operational Stage
What age does concrete operations occur?
7-11 years
How do we educate students at pre-operational stage?
Encourage the use of language to create a dialogue.
Can perform mental with use of concrete objects (manipulatives)- not through verbal statements though
Verbal understanding towards the end of the stage.
Concrete operational
How do we educate students at this stage?
Classification Activities (Identifying) Integration that allows students to make connections to things they thought were separate.
What age does formal operation occur?
11+ years
Released from restrictions of tangible and concrete
Separate real from possible/hypothetical
language freed from concrete, able to express the possible
Formal Operations
How do we educate students at this stage?
Challenge but don’t frustrate
be aware of their limitations
encourage analysis in and with drawing conclusions
Lev Vygotsky
Children’s social interactions with those who have more knowledge actually assists with cognitive development.
Optimal time for students to learn
in the zone, with assistance from those more knowledgeable, students can grasp information they would not get otherwise
Zone of proximal development.
