Cognition and Knowledge Construction

Question 1

Instruction should be student centered, involve problem solving, and require students to interact socially and environmentally.

Answer 1

Knowledge Construction

Question 2

Learner should be recognized as having prior knowledge , interpret and elaborate, encouraged to view errors as an opportunity to learn.

Answer 2

Knowledge Construction

Question 3

If students participate in activities, the likelihood of transfer of learning to real life improves.

Answer 3

Student Centered instruction

Question 4

Students should have experiences rather than the teacher just imparting experiences.

Answer 4

Student Centered instruction

Question 5

If they have the experience, they can construct an understanding that connects with prior knowledge.

Answer 5

Student Centered instruction

Question 6

retention and recall are improved when the students have experiences.

Answer 6

Student Centered instruction

Question 7

Constructing concepts and applying them to problematic situations by going beyond given information or developing their own ideas.

Answer 7

Problem Solving

Question 8

IF the situation represents the world outside of the classroom, it increases the likelihood of shifting their ability to other problem soling situations.

Answer 8

Problem solving

Question 9

Knowledge construction is enhanced through social negotiation of understanding and meaning.

Answer 9

Interaction Socially and Environmentally.

Question 10

Providing Opportunities for students to share their views and understand the views of others, increases understanding and tolerance.

Answer 10

Interaction Socially and Environmentally

Question 11

Must assess prior knowledge before instruction begins.

Answer 11

Recognized as Having Prior Knowledge

Question 12

Students come to school with prior knowledge and concepts that influence how future learning is assimilated.

Answer 12

Recognized as Having Prior Knowledge

Question 13

prior knowledge must be considered as students will not arrive as blank slates.

Answer 13

Recognized as Having Prior Knowledge

Question 14

Identifies students misconceptions that need correcting

Answer 14

Assessing prior knowledge accomplishes

Question 15

Determines current levels of understanding

Answer 15

Assessing prior knowledge accomplishes

Question 16

Establishes what students thought was important enough to remember.

Answer 16

Assessing prior knowledge accomplishes

Question 17

Tells what students found interesting enough to remember.

Answer 17

Assessing prior knowledge accomplishes

Question 18

Active learners are more likely to construct knowledge than passive learners.

Answer 18

Interpretation and Elaboration

Question 19

Rather recognize a bank of facts, teachers should encourage students to go beyond the information.

Answer 19

Interpretation and Elaboration

Question 20

human memory: Three major components:
Sensory Register
Working Memory( short term memory)
Long term memory

Answer 20

Human Memory

Question 21

Keeps incoming stimuli in its original structure

Answer 21

Sensory register

Question 22

Limited Capacity: one second for visual images, three seconds for auditory stimulation.

Answer 22

Sensory register

Question 23

when students are paying attention the information goes into the working (short term) memory.

Answer 23

Sensory register

Question 24

put classroom information to use quickly
encourage students to take notes
create a stimulating environment

Answer 24

Sensory register: Methods of increasing attention

Question 25

Model enthusiasm | Decrease distractions in the classroom

Answer 25

Sensory register: Methods of increasing attention

Question 26

Keeps information while it is mentally processed

Answer 26

Working (short term) memory

Question 27

limited capacity: 5 to 20 seconds

Answer 27

Working (short term) memory

Question 28

Thinking occurs at this stage.

Answer 28

Working (short term) memory

Question 29

info is then stored in long term memory or is lost.

Answer 29

Working (short term) memory

Question 30

Information can be held indefinitely

Answer 30

Long term memory

Question 31

Limitless Capacity

Answer 31

Long term memory

Question 32

the more info that's stored, the easier it is to remember new information

Answer 32

Long term memory

Question 33

fact based information

Answer 33

declarative knowledge

Question 34

repeating the new information

Answer 34

Rehearsal- helps with the acquisition of fact based info

Question 35

creating association between new and existing

Answer 35

Meaningful learning- helps with the acquisition of fact based info

Question 36

drawing attention to connections between new information

Answer 36

organization- helps with the acquisition of fact based info

Question 37

additional information added to knew knowledge

Answer 37

Elaboration- helps with the acquisition of fact based info

Question 38

Creating a mental picture of the information

Answer 38

Visual imagery- helps with the acquisition of fact based info

Question 39

using patterns, acronyms, or rhymes

Answer 39

Mnemonics- helps with the acquisition of fact based info

Question 40

Knowledge on how to perform in a certain manner

Answer 40

procedural knowledge

Question 41

``` Give a demonstration Present Pictures Supply verbal feedback encourage verbal rehearsal make scaffolding available. ```

Answer 41

To assist with retention of procedural knowledge

Question 42

Frequently review to encourage automaticity

Answer 42

Assist with retrieval

Question 43

Drill and Practice

Answer 43

Assist with retrieval

Question 44

Solicit and Provide Retrieval Cues

Answer 44

Assist with retrieval

Question 45

Link prior knowledge to new information

Answer 45

Assist with retrieval

Question 46

increase wait time which increases participation the quality of the answer, and class performance

Answer 46

When questioning during reviews

Question 47

mental constructs of object groupings, action, ideas.

Answer 47

Concepts

Question 48

Positive Instances

Answer 48

Examples of Concept

Question 49

Negative Instances

Answer 49

nonexample of the concept

Question 50

Defining features

Answer 50

qualities present in all cases of the concept

Question 51

Correlational features

Answer 51

features that may occur but are not essential to the concept.

Question 52

Prototypes

Answer 52

typical or frequently occurring examples of the concept

Question 53

Exemplars

Answer 53

Display of the variety within a concept

Question 54

organized bodies of information concerning specific subject matter.

Answer 54

Schemas

Question 55

schema contains a predictable order of events

Answer 55

scripts

Question 56

an individual's basic belief system concerning how the world functions.

Answer 56

personal theories

Question 57

Teachers introduce the necessary subject matter to initially provide a foundation. Core knowledge info should be well organized, skill based, and literal

Answer 57

Provide Core knowledge

Question 58

Students use language and methodology from several disciplines to examine problem Integration maintains the complexity of the actual environment.

Answer 58

Integrate the Curriculum

Question 59

Scope of what might be relevant to the curriculum should not be limited. Students are encouraged to bring fresh perspective and data to existing curriculum.

Answer 59

Curriculum Open-ended

Question 60

Plausible interpretations are constructed through communication Students should understand various perspectives for a particular scenario.

Answer 60

Understanding multiple perspectives

Question 61

Identification and assessment of skills are judged by flexible application, not remote memorization. Students should be provided with multiple examples and revisit material in different contexts.

Answer 61

Cognitive Flexibility

Question 62

Students bridge the gap between school learning and out of school learning by working with a mentor from the field. Mentors assist students in constructing plans to meet the evolving demands and circumstances of a situation

Answer 62

Apprenticeships

Question 63

Students apply new knowledge in a real world setting | Application of knowledge in an authentic setting increases the likelihood of transfer.

Answer 63

Authentic Application