Cognitive Affective Bases of Behavior

Question 1

convergence of all attempts to understand cognition, Conceptualizes as a set of steps for processing information

Answer 1

information-processing analysis

Question 2

Showed participants number, asked if they were present after, linear relationship between judgement time and size of number set

Answer 2

Sternberg paradigm

Question 3

ability to perceive 3d depth because each eye receives slightly different view

Answer 3

Stereopsis

Question 4

o Object segmented into component sub-objects
o Classified into category – 36 basic categories call geons (geometric icons)
o Once pieces are identified and composed into configuration, one recognizes pattern formed by pieces of object

Answer 4

Recognition-by-components theory

Question 5

unable to recognize simple shapes or draw shown shapes; deficit in early processing in visual system

Answer 5

apperceptive agnosia

Question 6

able to recognize simple shapes and can copy drawings but cannot recognize; intact early visual system but deficit in “downstream” functioning/pattern recognition

Answer 6

Associative agnosia

Question 7

selective deficit in recognizing faces caused by damage to fusiform gyrus

Answer 7

Prosopagnosia

Question 8

Brain helps with attention and memory with sensory storage
o Is a buffer memory system that hosts incoming stream of info long enough for attention
o Keeps info separate from other cognitive processes
o What we ignore is lost

Answer 8

Sensory storage theory

Question 9

Attention occurs in which two cortexes?

Answer 9

parietal cortex (info processing for visual/auditory) and prefrontal cortex (processing of motor and premotor regions)

Question 10

Info is initially coded together but is analyzed by separate areas of brain.

Answer 10

The binding problem

Question 11

effect in which people combine features two objects into one

Answer 11

Illusory conjunctions

Question 12

inability to perceive more than a single object at a time

Answer 12

Simultagnosia

Question 13

cannot see or imagine colors, but have hx in color

Answer 13

Charles Bonnet Syndrome

Question 14

Lobe - extracting meaningful info from sensory input

Answer 14

Prefrontal lobe

Question 15

Lobe - categorial info, memory of experience

Answer 15

temporal lobe

Question 16

smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as assertion

Answer 16

Propositional representations

Question 17

info represented by symbols not associated with sensory modality

Answer 17

Amodal symbol system

Question 18

storage and retrieval occurs in these 2 regions

Answer 18

hippocampus and limbic system

Question 19

o Incoming sensory info is held in transient storage (sensory memory)
o If info receives attention it moves to short-term memory
o With rehearsal info is then moved to long-term memory

Answer 19

Atkinson and Shiffrin’s theory of short-term memory

Question 20

Theory - rehearsal must be done in meaningful and conscious way

Answer 20

Depth of processing theory

Question 21

o Central executive: supervisory system and controls flow of info
o Phonological loop: short-term storage and articulatory rehearsal
o Visuospatial sketchpad: visual cache and inner scribe (refreshes stored info)
o Episodic buffer: links info across sensory domains to form multisensory unit

Answer 21

Baddely and Hitch’s working memory theory

Question 22

persistent strengthening of synapses based on patterns

Answer 22

Long-term potentiation

Question 23

info about many topics (slowed retrieval of info)

Answer 23

High fan stimulus

Question 24

o Problem space: various states of a problem
o State: representation of a problem in some degree of solution
 Begins with start state, then intermediate states, end is goal state
o Search: process of reasoning until solution is figured

Answer 24

Newell and Simon: problem solving concept

Question 25

cognitive bias that limits a person to using object only in traditional way

Answer 25

Functional fixedness

Question 26

teaching approach where lesson begins with analysis of elements

Answer 26

Componential analysis

Question 27

mind is composed of general faculties – observation, attention, discrimination, reasoning; can be exercised

Answer 27

Doctrine of formal discipline

Question 28

given 3 items, if relation between 1 and 3/1 and 2, must be between 2 and 3

Answer 28

Transitivity

Question 29

argument in which conclusion follows premises

Answer 29

Linear syllogism

Question 30

some words more difficult to understand than others

Answer 30

Principle of lexical marking

Question 31

how people answer questions based on knowledge and content of question

Answer 31

Principle of congruity

Question 32

intact format of normal logic but person sees two things as identical based on a similarity

Answer 32

Paralogic reasoning

Question 33

probability of an event based on conditions – 4 components
o Prior probability: hypothesis is true before considering evidence
o Conditional/likelihood probability: particular type of evidence is true if hypothesis is true
o Posterior probability: hypothesis is true after consideration of evidence
o Marginal probability: how probable is new evidence under all possible hypotheses

Answer 33

Baye’s theorem

Question 34

degree that mood affects judgement occurs on processing continuum

Answer 34

Affect infusion model

Question 35

o Linguistic determination: language determines/influences the way a person thinks/perceives
 Can define the parameters of our thoughts
o Language dependent on higher level cognition

Answer 35

Whorfian hypothesis of linguistic determination

Question 36

poor comprehension, fluent but meaningless speech

Answer 36

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 37

o Slow, laborious, broken, hesitant speech

o Person can comprehend speech

Answer 37

Broca’s aphasia

Question 38

Good word comprehension, fluent speech, difficulty repeating words

Answer 38

conductive aphasia

Question 39

inability to recall names of common items

Answer 39

anomic aphasia

Question 40

o Writing disability
o Lack of understanding of rules for calculation or arithmetic
o Inability to distinguish right from left
o Inability to identify fingers

Answer 40

Gerstmann’s syndrome