Cognitive Affective Bases of Behavior Flashcards
convergence of all attempts to understand cognition, Conceptualizes as a set of steps for processing information
information-processing analysis
Showed participants number, asked if they were present after, linear relationship between judgement time and size of number set
Sternberg paradigm
ability to perceive 3d depth because each eye receives slightly different view
Stereopsis
o Object segmented into component sub-objects
o Classified into category – 36 basic categories call geons (geometric icons)
o Once pieces are identified and composed into configuration, one recognizes pattern formed by pieces of object
Recognition-by-components theory
unable to recognize simple shapes or draw shown shapes; deficit in early processing in visual system
apperceptive agnosia
able to recognize simple shapes and can copy drawings but cannot recognize; intact early visual system but deficit in “downstream” functioning/pattern recognition
Associative agnosia
selective deficit in recognizing faces caused by damage to fusiform gyrus
Prosopagnosia
Brain helps with attention and memory with sensory storage
o Is a buffer memory system that hosts incoming stream of info long enough for attention
o Keeps info separate from other cognitive processes
o What we ignore is lost
Sensory storage theory
Attention occurs in which two cortexes?
parietal cortex (info processing for visual/auditory) and prefrontal cortex (processing of motor and premotor regions)
Info is initially coded together but is analyzed by separate areas of brain.
The binding problem
effect in which people combine features two objects into one
Illusory conjunctions
inability to perceive more than a single object at a time
Simultagnosia
cannot see or imagine colors, but have hx in color
Charles Bonnet Syndrome
Lobe - extracting meaningful info from sensory input
Prefrontal lobe
Lobe - categorial info, memory of experience
temporal lobe
smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as assertion
Propositional representations
info represented by symbols not associated with sensory modality
Amodal symbol system
storage and retrieval occurs in these 2 regions
hippocampus and limbic system
o Incoming sensory info is held in transient storage (sensory memory)
o If info receives attention it moves to short-term memory
o With rehearsal info is then moved to long-term memory
Atkinson and Shiffrin’s theory of short-term memory
Theory - rehearsal must be done in meaningful and conscious way
Depth of processing theory
o Central executive: supervisory system and controls flow of info
o Phonological loop: short-term storage and articulatory rehearsal
o Visuospatial sketchpad: visual cache and inner scribe (refreshes stored info)
o Episodic buffer: links info across sensory domains to form multisensory unit
Baddely and Hitch’s working memory theory
persistent strengthening of synapses based on patterns
Long-term potentiation
info about many topics (slowed retrieval of info)
High fan stimulus
o Problem space: various states of a problem
o State: representation of a problem in some degree of solution
Begins with start state, then intermediate states, end is goal state
o Search: process of reasoning until solution is figured
Newell and Simon: problem solving concept
cognitive bias that limits a person to using object only in traditional way
Functional fixedness
teaching approach where lesson begins with analysis of elements
Componential analysis
mind is composed of general faculties – observation, attention, discrimination, reasoning; can be exercised
Doctrine of formal discipline
given 3 items, if relation between 1 and 3/1 and 2, must be between 2 and 3
Transitivity
argument in which conclusion follows premises
Linear syllogism
some words more difficult to understand than others
Principle of lexical marking
how people answer questions based on knowledge and content of question
Principle of congruity
intact format of normal logic but person sees two things as identical based on a similarity
Paralogic reasoning
probability of an event based on conditions – 4 components
o Prior probability: hypothesis is true before considering evidence
o Conditional/likelihood probability: particular type of evidence is true if hypothesis is true
o Posterior probability: hypothesis is true after consideration of evidence
o Marginal probability: how probable is new evidence under all possible hypotheses
Baye’s theorem
degree that mood affects judgement occurs on processing continuum
Affect infusion model
o Linguistic determination: language determines/influences the way a person thinks/perceives
Can define the parameters of our thoughts
o Language dependent on higher level cognition
Whorfian hypothesis of linguistic determination
poor comprehension, fluent but meaningless speech
Wernicke’s aphasia
o Slow, laborious, broken, hesitant speech
o Person can comprehend speech
Broca’s aphasia
Good word comprehension, fluent speech, difficulty repeating words
conductive aphasia
inability to recall names of common items
anomic aphasia
o Writing disability
o Lack of understanding of rules for calculation or arithmetic
o Inability to distinguish right from left
o Inability to identify fingers
Gerstmann’s syndrome
