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PsyD Comprehensive Exam > Biological Bases of Behavior > Flashcards

Biological Bases of Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Type of conditions: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Scrapie, Deer wasting disease, Kuru, Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease

A

prion diseases

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2
Q

Neurotransmitter implicated in concentration

A

noradrenaline

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3
Q

Neurotransmitter implicated in pleasure

A

dopamine

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4
Q

Neurotransmitter implicated in mood

A

serotonin

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5
Q

Neurotransmitter implicated in calming

A

GABA

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6
Q

Neurotransmitter implicated in learning, muscle control

A

acetylcholine

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7
Q

Neurotransmitter implicated in memory

A

glutamate

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8
Q

Neurotransmitter implicated in eurphoria

A

endorphins

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9
Q

Class of neurotransmitters including serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, acetylcholine, histamine

A

amines

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10
Q

Class of neurotransmitters including dynorphins, endorphins

A

opioid peptides

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11
Q

Class of neurotransmitters including glutamate, GABA, aspartic acid

A

amino acids

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12
Q

Class of neurotransmitters including ACTH, GH, TH, prolactin

A

Pituitary peptides

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13
Q

Neurotransmitter associated with Alzheimer’s

A

acetylcholine

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14
Q

Neurotransmitter associated with depression, migraines, ADHD, anxiety

A

serotonin

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15
Q

Neurotransmitter associated with (high) schizophrenia and (low) parkinson’s

A

dopamine

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16
Q

Neurotransmitter associated with epileptic seizures

A

GABA

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17
Q

Neurotransmitter associated with migraine, stroke, autism

A

glutamate

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18
Q

Posited that memory is stored in different regions of the brain

A

Fuster

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19
Q

Founder of neuroscience: neurology, anterior commissure, cerebellar peduncles, internal capsule, vagus nerve

A

Thomas Willis

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20
Q

Cells that aid and modulate neuron acitvity

A

glial cells

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21
Q

Association neurons, associate sensory and motor activity within CNS

A

interneurons

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22
Q

outermost layer of gray matter making up superficial aspect of cerebrum

A

Cerebral cortex

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23
Q

initiating activities, planning, holding critical info, changing mental set, monitoring effectiveness of actions, inhibition

A

Prefrontal cortex

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24
Q

multiple maps of body space, multisensory integration

A

Parietal lobe

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25
Q

star shaped, nutritive, transports substances through blood-brain barrier, regulate synaptic activity, regulate neurotransmitter concentrations, neurotransmitter reuptake after release,

A

Astrocyte

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26
Q

small, defensive function; become phagocytes during injury, infection, degeneration

A

Microglial

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27
Q

asymmetric, forms myelin around CNS axons

A

Oligodendroglia

28
Q

asymmetric, wraps around peripheral nerves to form myelin

A

Schwann

29
Q

Cation (positively charged) and anion (negatively charged); attract water

A

ions

30
Q

Malfunction of ____ channel cause neurologic diseases; site of action for toxins/drugs

A

ion

31
Q

beginning of 3rd trimester, new synaptic connections sprout followed by pruning

A

Synaptogenesis

32
Q

Neuron fires with ___ state > ______ > _______

A

Neuron fires with resting state > electrical charges > action potential

33
Q

electrical charge produced when ions move across membranes through gate channels and change separation

A

action potential

34
Q

speeds up neural impulse

A

myelin

35
Q

part of axon not covered by myelin, tiny gaps, enables saltatory conduction

A

Node of Ranvier

36
Q

Both genes and the environment affect brain development

A

epigenesis

37
Q

________ are around ventricles; rapid proliferation; can generate copies of themselves which plays role in differentiated neurons and glial cells

A

Proliferation zones

38
Q

How many layers are in the cortex

A

6

39
Q

Class of drugs to which PCP/angel dust belongs

A

Phencyclidine

40
Q

Neurons providing basis for re-entrant connectivity

A

Neurons form two-way pathways

41
Q

Two tenets of modern neuroscience

A

Brain is organized into functionally specific areas

Neurons in different parts of nervous system are similar

42
Q

Name the 8 brain networks

A

Arousal/wakefulness, attention, language, visuospatial, memory, executive, sensation/movement, emotion

43
Q

Injury where results in perseverative behavior, field-dependence, mental rigidity, flat affect

A

Frontal lobe / Dorsolateral

44
Q

Injury where results in behaviorally and emotionally disinhibited: euphoria and rage, impulsive

A

orbitofrontal frontal lobe

45
Q

Injury where results in akinesis (little initiation of movement/speech), apathy, blunting

A

ventromedial frontal lobe

46
Q

scalp electrodes reveal brain rhythms such as gamma

A

EEG

47
Q

magnetic cortical activity; higher source localization than EEG

A

MEG

48
Q

slices – x-ray

A

CAT

49
Q

x-ray

A

CT

50
Q

indirect measure, energy use

A

fMRI

51
Q

indirect measure, energy use, glowing inject

A

PET

52
Q

MRI technique that measure macroscopic axonal organization

A

DTI - diffusion tensor imaging

53
Q

sleep wave - conscious mind, alertness, concentration, focus, 5 physical senses

A

beta waves

54
Q

sleep wave - gateway to subconscious mind – deep relaxation, light meditation, creativity, learning

A

alpha waves

55
Q

sleep wave - light sleep, REM dream state, deep meditation, intuition, memory and visual memory

A

theta waves

56
Q

sleep wave - deep sleep, dreamless state, automatic self-healing, immune system function

A

delta waves

57
Q

Color selective part of the eye

A

cones

58
Q

Light selective part of the eye

A

rods

59
Q

Pathway of “what” objects are

A

ventral

60
Q

Pathway of “where objects are

A

dorsal

61
Q

Area for speech production

A

broca

62
Q

Area for speech comprehension

A

Wernicke

63
Q

_________ lobe encodes information across sensory domains

A

medial temporal lobe

64
Q

Decline in one or more areas of cognitive function, impacts ADLs

A

dementia

65
Q

o Defects in short-term memory
o Issues with problem-solving, language, calculations, visuospatial skills, mood, activity, sleep, appetite
o Begins in entorhinal cortex, hippocampus

A

Alzheimer’s

PsyD Comprehensive Exam (8 decks)

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