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cognitive abilities Flashcards

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1
Q

what are cognitive abilities?

A

the capacity to reason, remember, understand, solve problems and make decisions

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2
Q

what is intelligence?

A

personal attributes that centre on skill at info processing, problem solving and adapting to new or changing enviro

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3
Q

what are the three main characteristics of intelligence?

A
  • abstract thinking or reasoning abilities
  • problem-solving abilities
  • the capacity to acquire knowledge
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4
Q

what is psychometrics?

A

the scientific study and measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personality and other psychological characteristics

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5
Q

what is the psychometric approach?

A

a way of studying intelligence that emphasises analysis of the products of intelligence, especially scores on intelligence tests

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6
Q

what is fluid intelligence?

A

the basic power of reasoning and problem-solving

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7
Q

what is crystallised intelligence?

A

the specific knowledge gained as a result of applying fluid intelligence

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8
Q

what is the information-processing model of memory?

A

memory model in which info is seen as passing through sensory, short-term and long-term memory

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9
Q

what does the information-processing model of memory focus on?

A

identifying the mental processes involved in intelligent behaviour, not abilities that result in test scores and other products of intelligence

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10
Q

what is the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?

A

theory that describes intelligence as having analytical, creative and practical dimensions

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11
Q

what does multiple intelligences focus on?

A

how people learn and use symbol systems such as language, mathematics and music

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12
Q

what are multiple intelligences?

A

eight semi-independent kinds of intelligence

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13
Q

what are the eight semi-independent kinds of multiple intelligences?

A
  • linguistic
  • logical-mathematical
  • spatial
  • musical
  • body-kinaesthetics
  • intrapersonal
  • interpersonal
  • naturalistic
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14
Q

what is mental age?

A

a score that corresponds to the age level of the most advanced items a child could answer correctly on Alfred Binet’s first intelligence tests

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15
Q

what is Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?

A

a test for determining a person’s intelligence quotient (IQ)

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16
Q

what does Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale consist of?

A

10 main subtests to measure five different abilities

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17
Q

what are the five different abilities in Stanford-Binet V?

A
  • fluid reasoning
  • knowledge
  • qualitative reasoning
  • visual-spatial processing
  • working memory
18
Q

what is the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?

A

an index of intelligence that reflects the degree to which a person’s score on an intelligence test deviates from the average score of others in the same age group

19
Q

what does IQ reflect?

A

your relative standing within a population of your age

20
Q

what is an aptitude measure?

A

tests designed to measure a person’s capacity to learn certain things or perform certain tasks

21
Q

what is the ultimate goal of aptitude measures?

A

assess your potential to learn or to perform well in some future situation

22
Q

what are achievement measures?

A

tests designed to measure what a person has accomplished or learned in a particular area

23
Q

what are tests?

A

systemic procedure for observing behaviour in a standard situation, with the help of a numerical scale or a category system

24
Q

what is a standardised test said to be?

A

objective

25
Q

what are norms?

A

descriptions of the frequency at which particular scores occur, allowing scores to be compared statistically

26
Q

what are the two most important things when determining the value of a test?

A

statistical reliability and validity

27
Q

what is statistical reliability?

A

the degree to which a test can be repeated with the same results

28
Q

how do you measure statistical reliability?

A

same group of people take test twice, this method assess test-retest reliability, correlation should be high

29
Q

what is statistical validity?

A

the degree to which test scores are interpreted correctly and used appropriately

30
Q

what are the three types of validity?

A
  • content validity
  • predictive validity
  • construct validity
31
Q

what is content validity?

A

the degree to which the content of a test is fair and representative sample of what the test is supposed to measure

32
Q

what is criterion?

A

determining how well test scores correlate with an independent measure of what the test is supposed to assess

33
Q

what is criterion validity called?

A

predictive validity

34
Q

what is construct validity?

A

the extent to which scores suggest that a test is actually measuring the theoretical construct, that it claims to measure

35
Q

what is creativity?

A

the ability to produce new, high quality ideas or products

36
Q

what is divergent thinking?

A

the ability to think along many alternative paths to generate many different solutions to a problem

37
Q

what are three characteristics of creative behaviour?

A
  • expertise in the field of endeavour
  • a set of creative skills
  • the motivation
38
Q

what is convergent thinking?

A

the ability to apply rules of logic and what one knows about the world to narrow down the possible solutions to the problem

39
Q

people who have an IQ lower than 70 are referred to as?

A

intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, cognitively disabled or mentally challenged

40
Q

what are three things that often characterise people with intellectual disability?

A
  • perform certain mental operations more slowly
  • know fewer facts
  • not good at remembering to use certain mental strategies even if they know how
41
Q

what may learning difficulties or disability account for?

A

significant discrepancy between a person’s measured intelligence and academic performance

42
Q

what is often seen in people who have learning difficulties?

A

have average or above-average IQs

psychology (8 decks)

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