CNS synapse and NT Flashcards

1
Q

A neurone is

A

A nerve fibre which carries electrical signals in the brain

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2
Q

A neurotransmitter is

A

A chemical which carries messages between nerve cells

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3
Q

A hormone is

A

A chemical carried in the blood which spreads messages around the body

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4
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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5
Q

What is this blue area of the brain?

A

Frontal lobe- responsible for emotional control and higher order thinking

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6
Q

What is this red area of the brain?

A

Occipital lobe- for vision

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7
Q

What is this green area of the brain?

A

Temporal lobe- for memory and hearing

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8
Q

What is this yellow area of the brain?

A

Parietal lobe- controling bodily sensation and movement

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9
Q

What is the role of a dendrite?

A

It collects signals and delivers them to the main body of the nerve cell

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10
Q

What is the role of a axon?

A

It carries the electrical signal down the length of the neurone

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11
Q

What is the role of an axon terminal?

A

It passes the electrical signal to the next neurone

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12
Q

What is the role of a myelin sheath?

A

It insulates the axon of the cell to stop the electrical signal disapating and speeding it up

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13
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The end of one neurone and the beginning of another which has a gap and information must pass across

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14
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

A ‘bubble’ which is full of neurostransmitters that it can release into the synaptic gap

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15
Q

What is a synaptic gap?

A

The space between two neurones which neurotransmitters must drift through

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16
Q

What is a receptor?

A

An area on the second neurone which neurotransmitters bind to and create a new impulse

17
Q

What is the process of synaptic transmission?

A

A nerve impulse causes a release of neurotransmitter from the vesicles. These neurotransmitters drift across the synaptic gap. On the next neurone the neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites.

18
Q

What is the role of Dopamine?

A

It creates a sense of reward or enjoyment

19
Q

What is the role of Serotonin?

A

It creates a feeling of relaxation and happiness

20
Q

What is the role of Cortisol?

A

It creates a feeling of stress

21
Q

What is an action potential?

A

the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.

22
Q

Where does a brain cell’s activity begin?

A

-70mv resting potential

23
Q

Where does the all-or-nothing principle come in?

A

-55mvs the threshold

24
Q

What happens after a threshold has been met?

A

Depolarisation

25
What is depolarisation?
Where the cell is becoming less negative inside as ions move in and out
26
What is at the peak of the action potential graph?
+40mv the action potential firing
27
What happens after the action potential firees?
Repolarisation
28
What is repolarisation?
Where the cell is becoming more negative inside as ions move in and out
29
What happens at the end of the action potential process?
Hyperpolarisation where the inside of the cell gets extra negative