CNS stimulatnts

Question 1

Amphetamines- MOA

Answer 1

increase the release and inhibit the reuptake of NE and DA
may directly stimulate alpha receptors in the reward centers of the brain.
Chronically decreases levels of DA in reward centers of the brain

Question 2

Amphetamines- kinetics

Answer 2

Injected, oral, snorted, or smoked
liver metabolism and renal excretion
Enhanced excretion in acidic urine

Question 3

How do you acidify urine

Answer 3

ASA and Vitamin C

inc excretion before a drug test

Question 4

Amphetamines- CNS AE

Answer 4

Psychosis- schizophrenia- reversible
aggression and hostility
formication- tactile hallucinations

Question 5

Amphetamines CV- AE

Answer 5

arrhythmia, sudden death, tachycardia, HTN

Question 6

Amphetamines metabolic AE

Answer 6

malnutrition secondary to dec food intake

Question 7

Amphetamine dental or skin AE

Answer 7

constriction of BV in the skin and oral mucosa causing lesions with dec healing esp with formications which cause scratching

Question 8

Amphetamine rebound

Answer 8

patients may crash from amphetamine use leading to cycles of use

Question 9

Amphetamine- Tolerance/ Dependence/ withdrawal

Answer 9

Psychological and physical dependence,

withdrawal symptoms of fatigue, lethargy, and depression

Question 10

Amphetamine- CNS actions

Answer 10

stimulates arousal and wakefulness
euphoria
performance enhancement
appetite suppression

Question 11

Amphetamine uses

Answer 11

narcolepsy
ADHD
weight loss- thought not anymore
stimulants
drug abuse

Question 12

what NT does the structure of the prototype amphetamine resemble

Answer 12

NE/ Epi

Question 13

what is Adderral

Answer 13

racemic mixture of salts that dissolve at different rates allowing for a longer duration of action

Question 14

D-amphetamine

Answer 14

D-isomer of amphetamine which has more powerful CNS effects

Question 15

Lisdexamfetamine

Answer 15

Prodrug- amphetamine + lysine. This lysine has to be cleaved off in the liver before the drug is activated.
Intended to limit abuse potential, but didn’t work

Question 16

Methamphetamine

Answer 16

amphetamine with an extra methylgroup which makes it resistant to MAO breakdown –> inc T1/2 and lipid solubility leading to drug abuse
other names include- speed, crank, ice, and meth

Question 17

Methylphenidate

Answer 17

Ritalin- used to limit hyperactivity of ADHD

stimulates the locus cerruleus to enhance focus

Question 18

cathinone

Answer 18

Kaht leaves contain this as stimulants

Was sold as bath salts

Question 19

Ephedrine

Answer 19

stimulates alpha receptors
OTC diet pills that have been banned b/c of their cardiotoxic effects.
Weight loss aids that contained this –> tolerance, abuse, and in the longterm were not effective

Question 20

Modafanil

Answer 20

Treats narcolepsy

Question 21

Cocaine MOA

Answer 21

blocks reuptake of DA in the nucleus accumbens (reward center)

Question 22

Effects of cocaine

Answer 22

Confidence, reinforcement, euphoria

Question 23

Cocaine- results of chronic use

Answer 23

DA levels in neurons are depleted and the opposite effects occur –>craving, dependence, crash

Question 24

Cocaine- Kinetics, different forms

Answer 24

Powered HCl salt- water soluble- snort or ingest

Free base, Crack: dehydrated, fat soluble- smoke it

Question 25

Cocaine AE

Answer 25

teratogenic, addictive, nasal septum deterioration, IV drug use risks
CNS
CV
metabolic
dental/skin
same AE as stimulants

Question 26

Treating Cocaine dependence

Answer 26

L-DOPA
Nutritional supplements that inc DA
bromocriptine, buproprion, buprenorphine