Antibiotics

Question 1

Penicilins- cidal or static

Answer 1

cidal

Question 2

types of penicillins

Answer 2

Penicillinase susceptible- narrow spectrum
Penicillinase resistant- narrow spectrum
Penicillinase susceptible- extended spectrum

Question 3

Penicillinase susceptible narrow spectrum- drugs

Answer 3

Pen G

Pen V

Question 4

Penicillinase resistant narrow spectrum

Answer 4

Nafcillin
Methicillin
Oxacillin

Question 5

Penicillinase susceptible extended spectrum

Answer 5

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Ticarcillin
Piparcillin

Question 6

Penicillins- MOA

Answer 6

Bind penicillin binding proteins (PBP) and inhibit transpeptidation.
Activate autolytic enzymes

Question 7

Penicillins- MOR

Answer 7

penicillinase- staph, Gram - bacillin
change PBP- MRSA, PRSP
Porin structure- pseudomonas

Question 8

Effect of gastric acid on penicillins

Answer 8

inactivates some penicillins ie Pen G

Question 9

Penicillin- elimination

Answer 9

mostly renal

Nafcillin is exception- eliminated through bile

Question 10

Penicillin- t1/2

Answer 10

normally around 60 min

Question 11

Penicillins- Repository form

Answer 11

Benzathine allows it to have a much longer t 1/2

Question 12

Penicillins- AE

Answer 12

Hypersensitivity rxn- cross reactivity among penicillins
GI rxn- N/D, superinfection
Maculopapular rash- rxn to ampicillin

Question 13

Pen G- uses

Answer 13

common streptococci
Pneumococci
Enterococci (synergy w/ aminoglycosides)
Meningogococci
Treponema pallidum- and other spirochetes

Question 14

Nafcillin, Oxacillin- use

Answer 14

Staph

Question 15

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin- use

Answer 15

Streptococci
E. Coli
H. Flu
Moraxella
Listeria
H. Pylori

Question 16

Ticarcillin, Piparcillin- use

Answer 16

Gram neg including pseudomonas (synergy with aminoglycosides)

Question 17

Penicillinase inhibitors

Answer 17

Used with penicillinase resistant extended spectrum penicillins.  Allows for inc coverage
Amoxicillin- CA
Ampicillin- sublactam
Piparcillin- Tazobactam
Ticarcillin- CA

Question 18

Cephalosporins- MOA

Answer 18

same as penicillin

Question 19

Cephalosporin- classification

Answer 19

based on generations

Question 20

Cephalosporins- elimination

Answer 20

Renal except for Cefoperazone and Cefriaxone

Question 21

Cephalosporins- CNS penetration

Answer 21

1st and 2nd gen do not penetrate CSF

3rd and 4th gen- do penetrate CSF

Question 22

Cephalosporin- AE

Answer 22

allergic response
N/D
opportunistic infxn
Cefotetan, Cefoperazone- hypothrombenemia and disulfram rxn with alcohol

Question 23

1st gen cephalosporin- names

Answer 23

Cefalozin

Cephalexin

Question 24

1st gen Cephalosporin- use

Answer 24

Gram + cocci
E Coli
Klebsiella
Proteus

Question 25

2nd gen Cephalosporin- names

Answer 25

Cefotetan | Cefaclor

Question 26

2nd gen Cephalosporins- uses

Answer 26

Gram neg bacilli- including b. fragillis (Cefotetan) H. flu Moraxella

Question 27

3rd gen cephalosporin- names

Answer 27

Ceffazidime Ceftriaxone Cefixime

Question 28

3rd gen cephalosporin- uses

Answer 28

G +/- cocci | G- bacilli

Question 29

Ceftazime- use

Answer 29

Pseudomonas

Question 30

Ceftriazone, Cefixime

Answer 30

Gonococci

Question 31

4th gen- names

Answer 31

Cefepime

Question 32

4th gen- use

Answer 32

G+ activity of Gen 1 w/ G- of Gen 3

Question 33

Carbepenems- drugs

Answer 33

Imipenem | Meropenem

Question 34

Carbepenems- cidal vs static

Answer 34

cidal

Question 35

Carbepenems- uses

Answer 35

Gram +/- | including anaerobes

Question 36

Carbepenems- method of admin

Answer 36

IV

Question 37

Carbepenems- method of elim

Answer 37

Renal- so dose must be adjusted in RF

Question 38

Carbepenems- role of cilastatin

Answer 38

Imipenem used to be given with Cislastatin- b/c that would inhibit its excretion

Question 39

Carbepenem- toxicity

Answer 39

N/D rash seizures @ high doses

Question 40

Vancomycin- MOA

Answer 40

binds to D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of the pentapeptide chain of peptidoglycans

Question 41

Vancomycin- MOR

Answer 41

enterococci switch D-Ala-D-Ala --> D-Ala-D-Lactate

Question 42

Vancomycin- Cidal vs static

Answer 42

Cidal

Question 43

Vancomycin- admin

Answer 43

Parenteral form- used penetrates most tissues | Oral form- stays in the gut

Question 44

Vancomycin- elim

Answer 44

Renal

Question 45

Vancomycin- use

Answer 45

1st line- MRSA | 2nd line- pseudomembranous colitis

Question 46

Vancomycin- AE

Answer 46

Chills fevers diffuse flushing Ototo and nephrotoxicity