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Pharm main > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicilins- cidal or static

A

cidal

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2
Q

types of penicillins

A

Penicillinase susceptible- narrow spectrum
Penicillinase resistant- narrow spectrum
Penicillinase susceptible- extended spectrum

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3
Q

Penicillinase susceptible narrow spectrum- drugs

A

Pen G

Pen V

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4
Q

Penicillinase resistant narrow spectrum

A

Nafcillin
Methicillin
Oxacillin

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5
Q

Penicillinase susceptible extended spectrum

A

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Ticarcillin
Piparcillin

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6
Q

Penicillins- MOA

A

Bind penicillin binding proteins (PBP) and inhibit transpeptidation.
Activate autolytic enzymes

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7
Q

Penicillins- MOR

A

penicillinase- staph, Gram - bacillin
change PBP- MRSA, PRSP
Porin structure- pseudomonas

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8
Q

Effect of gastric acid on penicillins

A

inactivates some penicillins ie Pen G

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9
Q

Penicillin- elimination

A

mostly renal

Nafcillin is exception- eliminated through bile

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10
Q

Penicillin- t1/2

A

normally around 60 min

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11
Q

Penicillins- Repository form

A

Benzathine allows it to have a much longer t 1/2

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12
Q

Penicillins- AE

A

Hypersensitivity rxn- cross reactivity among penicillins
GI rxn- N/D, superinfection
Maculopapular rash- rxn to ampicillin

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13
Q

Pen G- uses

A 
common streptococci
Pneumococci
Enterococci (synergy w/ aminoglycosides)
Meningogococci
Treponema pallidum- and other spirochetes
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14
Q

Nafcillin, Oxacillin- use

A

Staph

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15
Q

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin- use

A 
Streptococci
E. Coli
H. Flu
Moraxella
Listeria
H. Pylori
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16
Q

Ticarcillin, Piparcillin- use

A

Gram neg including pseudomonas (synergy with aminoglycosides)

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17
Q

Penicillinase inhibitors

A 
Used with penicillinase resistant extended spectrum penicillins.  Allows for inc coverage
Amoxicillin- CA
Ampicillin- sublactam
Piparcillin- Tazobactam
Ticarcillin- CA
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18
Q

Cephalosporins- MOA

A

same as penicillin

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19
Q

Cephalosporin- classification

A

based on generations

20
Q

Cephalosporins- elimination

A

Renal except for Cefoperazone and Cefriaxone

21
Q

Cephalosporins- CNS penetration

A

1st and 2nd gen do not penetrate CSF

3rd and 4th gen- do penetrate CSF

22
Q

Cephalosporin- AE

A

allergic response
N/D
opportunistic infxn
Cefotetan, Cefoperazone- hypothrombenemia and disulfram rxn with alcohol

23
Q

1st gen cephalosporin- names

A

Cefalozin

Cephalexin

24
Q

1st gen Cephalosporin- use

A

Gram + cocci
E Coli
Klebsiella
Proteus

25
Q

2nd gen Cephalosporin- names

A

Cefotetan

Cefaclor

26
Q

2nd gen Cephalosporins- uses

A

Gram neg bacilli- including b. fragillis (Cefotetan)
H. flu
Moraxella

27
Q

3rd gen cephalosporin- names

A

Ceffazidime
Ceftriaxone
Cefixime

28
Q

3rd gen cephalosporin- uses

A

G +/- cocci

G- bacilli

29
Q

Ceftazime- use

A

Pseudomonas

30
Q

Ceftriazone, Cefixime

31
Q

4th gen- names

32
Q

4th gen- use

A

G+ activity of Gen 1 w/ G- of Gen 3

33
Q

Carbepenems- drugs

A

Imipenem

Meropenem

34
Q

Carbepenems- cidal vs static

35
Q

Carbepenems- uses

A

Gram +/-

including anaerobes

36
Q

Carbepenems- method of admin

37
Q

Carbepenems- method of elim

A

Renal- so dose must be adjusted in RF

38
Q

Carbepenems- role of cilastatin

A

Imipenem used to be given with Cislastatin- b/c that would inhibit its excretion

39
Q

Carbepenem- toxicity

A

N/D
rash
seizures @ high doses

40
Q

Vancomycin- MOA

A

binds to D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of the pentapeptide chain of peptidoglycans

41
Q

Vancomycin- MOR

A

enterococci switch D-Ala-D-Ala –> D-Ala-D-Lactate

42
Q

Vancomycin- Cidal vs static

43
Q

Vancomycin- admin

A

Parenteral form- used penetrates most tissues

Oral form- stays in the gut

44
Q

Vancomycin- elim

45
Q

Vancomycin- use

A

1st line- MRSA

2nd line- pseudomembranous colitis

46
Q

Vancomycin- AE

A

Chills
fevers
diffuse flushing
Ototo and nephrotoxicity

Pharm main (26 decks)

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