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Pharm main > Antibiotics 2 > Flashcards

Antibiotics 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfonamides- Drugs

A 
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfisoxazole
Sulfadiazine
Sulfacetamine
Sulfasalazine
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2
Q

Sulfonamides- MOA

A

Antagonists- mimic PABA and inhibit dihopterate synthase

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3
Q

Sulfonamides- AE

A 
Kernicterus- dec albumin binding
Crystalluria
Allergic rxn
hepatotoxicity
Hematoxicity- esp in people with G6PD deficiency
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4
Q

Sulfonamides- STATIC OR CIDAL

A

STATIC

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5
Q

Sulfonamethoxazole

A

prototype

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6
Q

Sulfadiazine

A

Burns

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7
Q

Sulfazalazine

A

Ulcerative Colitis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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8
Q

Sulacetamide

A

Conjuctivitis

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9
Q

Sulfonamides- Uses

A 
uncomplicated UTI's
nocardiosis
chlamidyia
Toxoplasmosis
E.Coli
Staph/Strep
N. Meningitidis
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10
Q

Sulfonamides- CNS penetration?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Sulfonamides- CI’s

A

Pregnancy

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12
Q

Trimethoprim- MOA

A

mimics Folid Acid- inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

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13
Q

Trimethoprim- MOR

A

change enzyme

dec permeability

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14
Q

Trimethoprim- Use

A

UTI’s

Wide spectrum

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15
Q

Trimethoprim- AE

A

mimics folid acid deficiency so give the drug with Folinic acid.

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16
Q

TMSX- MOA

A

sequential blocking of nucleic acid synthesis

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17
Q

TMSX- spectrum

A 
Wide spectrum
Strep
Pneumo
Aerobic gram negative rods (not psedudomonas)
H. Flu
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18
Q

TMSX- AE

A

same as combined drugs but worse in AIDS pts

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19
Q

TMSX- Use

A

UTI, otitis, RTIs, GITIs,

20
Q

TMSX prophylactic uses

A 
neutropenic pts (chemo)- prevents sepsis
AIDS- prevent PCP
21
Q

Pyrimethamine- MOA

A

resembles folic acid to inhibit DHFR

22
Q

Pyrimethamine- Uses

A

Paired with Sulfadiazine for Toxoplasmosis

Paired with Sulfadoxine for Malaria

23
Q

Fluroquinolones- Drugs

A 
Ciprofloxacin
Oxafloxacin
Levofloxacin
Norfloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Clindamycin
24
Q

Fluroquinolones- MOA

A

inhibit DNA gyrase- so bac cant maintain the negative supercoil

25
Q

Fluroquinolones- cidal or static

26
Q

Fluroquinolones- absorption wtih food

A

do not take with metal containing food or multivitamins- it will act as a chelator and inhibit absorption

27
Q

Fluroquinolones- distribution

A

Widespread also into CSF, Prostate, billiary tract

Intracellular

28
Q

Fluroquinolones- Use

A 
PSEUDOMONAS, Gram negatives
Gram negatives
Aerobic enterics
complicated UTIs
osteomyelitis from S. Auerus
atypical penumonia (mycobac, mycoplasma,chalmydia, legionella)
Strep penumonia
29
Q

Fluroquinolones- toxicity

A

tendonitis or tendon rupture- esp in eldery (had black box warning)
hinder elimination of caffeine and theoyphylline
GI, CNS disturbances, QT prolongation

30
Q

Norfloxacin

A

Only oral

UTI and enteric (salmonella, Shigella)

31
Q

Fluroquinolones-CI

A

In pregnancy b/c of cartilage issues

32
Q

Ciprofloxacin/ Levofloxacin/ Moxifloxacin/Oxfloxacin

A 
Prostatitis and other UTIS
DOC for pseudomonas
Cipro- most active against pseudomonas
Levofloxacin- lower AE and mostly lung
Moxifloxacin- more active against strep pneumo
33
Q

Fluroquinolones- MOR

A

change DNA gyrase
reduce permeability
no cross resistance with other antibiotics

34
Q

Metronidazole- MOA

A

takes up reducing equivalents thereby inhibiting the ETC

35
Q

Metronidazole- distribution

A

gets into brain and CSF

36
Q

Metronidazole- Uses

A

used for brain abcesses to kill anaerobes (use something else for aerobes)
antibiotic assoc pseudomembranous colitis

37
Q

Metronidazole AE

A

Metallic taste

antabuse rxn with alcohol

38
Q

Metronidazole- CI

A

pregnancy and children

39
Q

Clindamycin- distribution

A

good bone distribution

40
Q

Metronidazole- CIDAL or STATIC

41
Q

Nitrofurantoin- MOA

A

drug becomes reduced and damages bacterial enzymes

42
Q

Nitrofuratoin- STATIC vs CIDAL

43
Q

NItrofuratioin- kinetics/ formulation

A

rapidly absorbed AND short T1/2. formulated in macrocrystaline form to slow absorption and allow prolonged renal excretion

44
Q

Nitrofurantoin- Uses

A

E.Coli UTI and prophylaxis only

45
Q

Nitrofurantoin- AE

A

Acute Allergic Penumonitis

Severe polyneuropathies

Pharm main (26 decks)

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