Antibiotics 2

Question 1

Sulfonamides- Drugs

Answer 1

Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfisoxazole
Sulfadiazine
Sulfacetamine
Sulfasalazine

Question 2

Sulfonamides- MOA

Answer 2

Antagonists- mimic PABA and inhibit dihopterate synthase

Question 3

Sulfonamides- AE

Answer 3

Kernicterus- dec albumin binding
Crystalluria
Allergic rxn
hepatotoxicity
Hematoxicity- esp in people with G6PD deficiency

Question 4

Sulfonamides- STATIC OR CIDAL

Answer 4

STATIC

Question 5

Sulfonamethoxazole

Answer 5

prototype

Question 6

Sulfadiazine

Answer 6

Burns

Question 7

Sulfazalazine

Answer 7

Ulcerative Colitis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 8

Sulacetamide

Answer 8

Conjuctivitis

Question 9

Sulfonamides- Uses

Answer 9

uncomplicated UTI's
nocardiosis
chlamidyia
Toxoplasmosis
E.Coli
Staph/Strep
N. Meningitidis

Question 10

Sulfonamides- CNS penetration?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Sulfonamides- CI’s

Answer 11

Pregnancy

Question 12

Trimethoprim- MOA

Answer 12

mimics Folid Acid- inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Question 13

Trimethoprim- MOR

Answer 13

change enzyme

dec permeability

Question 14

Trimethoprim- Use

Answer 14

UTI’s

Wide spectrum

Question 15

Trimethoprim- AE

Answer 15

mimics folid acid deficiency so give the drug with Folinic acid.

Question 16

TMSX- MOA

Answer 16

sequential blocking of nucleic acid synthesis

Question 17

TMSX- spectrum

Answer 17

Wide spectrum
Strep
Pneumo
Aerobic gram negative rods (not psedudomonas)
H. Flu

Question 18

TMSX- AE

Answer 18

same as combined drugs but worse in AIDS pts

Question 19

TMSX- Use

Answer 19

UTI, otitis, RTIs, GITIs,

Question 20

TMSX prophylactic uses

Answer 20

neutropenic pts (chemo)- prevents sepsis
AIDS- prevent PCP

Question 21

Pyrimethamine- MOA

Answer 21

resembles folic acid to inhibit DHFR

Question 22

Pyrimethamine- Uses

Answer 22

Paired with Sulfadiazine for Toxoplasmosis

Paired with Sulfadoxine for Malaria

Question 23

Fluroquinolones- Drugs

Answer 23

Ciprofloxacin
Oxafloxacin
Levofloxacin
Norfloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Clindamycin

Question 24

Fluroquinolones- MOA

Answer 24

inhibit DNA gyrase- so bac cant maintain the negative supercoil

Question 25

Fluroquinolones- cidal or static

Answer 25

CIDAL

Question 26

Fluroquinolones- absorption wtih food

Answer 26

do not take with metal containing food or multivitamins- it will act as a chelator and inhibit absorption

Question 27

Fluroquinolones- distribution

Answer 27

Widespread also into CSF, Prostate, billiary tract | Intracellular

Question 28

Fluroquinolones- Use

Answer 28

``` PSEUDOMONAS, Gram negatives Gram negatives Aerobic enterics complicated UTIs osteomyelitis from S. Auerus atypical penumonia (mycobac, mycoplasma,chalmydia, legionella) Strep penumonia ```

Question 29

Fluroquinolones- toxicity

Answer 29

tendonitis or tendon rupture- esp in eldery (had black box warning) hinder elimination of caffeine and theoyphylline GI, CNS disturbances, QT prolongation

Question 30

Norfloxacin

Answer 30

Only oral | UTI and enteric (salmonella, Shigella)

Question 31

Fluroquinolones-CI

Answer 31

In pregnancy b/c of cartilage issues

Question 32

Ciprofloxacin/ Levofloxacin/ Moxifloxacin/Oxfloxacin

Answer 32

``` Prostatitis and other UTIS DOC for pseudomonas Cipro- most active against pseudomonas Levofloxacin- lower AE and mostly lung Moxifloxacin- more active against strep pneumo ```

Question 33

Fluroquinolones- MOR

Answer 33

change DNA gyrase reduce permeability no cross resistance with other antibiotics

Question 34

Metronidazole- MOA

Answer 34

takes up reducing equivalents thereby inhibiting the ETC

Question 35

Metronidazole- distribution

Answer 35

gets into brain and CSF

Question 36

Metronidazole- Uses

Answer 36

used for brain abcesses to kill anaerobes (use something else for aerobes) antibiotic assoc pseudomembranous colitis

Question 37

Metronidazole AE

Answer 37

Metallic taste | antabuse rxn with alcohol

Question 38

Metronidazole- CI

Answer 38

pregnancy and children

Question 39

Clindamycin- distribution

Answer 39

good bone distribution

Question 40

Metronidazole- CIDAL or STATIC

Answer 40

CIdal

Question 41

Nitrofurantoin- MOA

Answer 41

drug becomes reduced and damages bacterial enzymes

Question 42

Nitrofuratoin- STATIC vs CIDAL

Answer 42

STATIC

Question 43

NItrofuratioin- kinetics/ formulation

Answer 43

rapidly absorbed AND short T1/2. formulated in macrocrystaline form to slow absorption and allow prolonged renal excretion

Question 44

Nitrofurantoin- Uses

Answer 44

E.Coli UTI and prophylaxis only

Question 45

Nitrofurantoin- AE

Answer 45

Acute Allergic Penumonitis | Severe polyneuropathies