CNS, PNS, and Neurons - Exam 2

Question 1

what does the CNS consist of?

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

what is the primary function of CNS?

Answer 2

integrate sensory info from PNS
coordinate conscious and unconscious activity

Question 3

brain function

Answer 3

processes sensory info and directs responses

Question 4

spinal cord function

Answer 4

conducts signals between the brain and rest of the body
governs basic reflexes

Question 5

frontal lobe

Answer 5

muscle control and cognitive functions (planning, concentration, etc)
“executive arm”

Question 6

parietal lobe

Answer 6

processes sensations of touch, pain, and pressure
body parts more important to survival get more brain area dedicated to them (ex: lips)

Question 7

occipital lobe

Answer 7

processes bright visual cues
has specialized neurons for vertical lines, horizontal lines, colors, and shapes

Question 8

temporal lobe

Answer 8

sorts out certain auditory info (includes language)
learning, memory, some emotions

Question 9

cerebellum

Answer 9

coordinates muscular activity by receiving sensory info and sending out signals for the body to move accordingly

Question 10

brainstem function

Answer 10

relays info between body and higher regions of brain
keeps heart on pace and lungs working
controls sleep, appetite, pain sensitivity, and awareness

Question 11

brainstem sections

Answer 11

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 12

what part of the brainstem is responsible for higher level functions (ie receives and processes sensory info and sends out reflex)?

Answer 12

midbrain

Question 13

the PNS connects what to the rest of the body?

Answer 13

brain and spinal cord (CNS)

Question 14

divisions of PNS?

Answer 14

sensory/afferent and motor/efferent
**unsure if this is the answer, may be autonomic and somatic

Question 15

somatic nervous system

Answer 15

voluntary movement (muscle contractions, relays sensory info to CNS)

Question 16

autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

involuntary functions (heart rate, digestion, breathing)
consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 17

sympathetic division (autonomic)

Answer 17

fight or flight

Question 18

parasympathetic division (autonomic)

Answer 18

rest and digest

Question 19

photoreceptors

Answer 19

respond to light stimuli

Question 20

thermoreceptors

Answer 20

detect temperature

Question 21

what is the purpose of pain perception?

Answer 21

it helps protect us from ourselves and the outside world

Question 22

does a reflex action always involve the brain?

Answer 22

no, reflexes are primarily controlled by spinal cord
**unsure if answer is correct

Question 23

nociceptors

Answer 23

detect pain, signals are further processed in thalamus

Question 24

3 main parts of neuron

Answer 24

soma/body, dendrite, axon

Question 25

dendrites

Answer 25

receives messages/signals from other cells

Question 26

axon

Answer 26

transmits electrical impulses from cell body out to other cells

Question 27

myelin sheath

Answer 27

speeds up transmission of signals through axon protects/insulates made of Schwann cells

Question 28

action potential

Answer 28

firing impulses, initiate by change in membrane potential (reaches threshold)

Question 29

what happens at the synapse during neuron communication?

Answer 29

action potentials active NT that "jump" across the synaptic gap to the receptors on the receiving cell

Question 30

sensory neuron

Answer 30

transmit sensory info from body to CNS

Question 31

motor neuron

Answer 31

transmit info from brain/spinal cord to muscles

Question 32

interneurons

Answer 32

connect sensory and motor neurons

Question 33

neurotransmitter

Answer 33

chemical messenger that carry signals between neurons either inhibitory or excitatory

Question 34

brain plasticity

Answer 34

allows for adaptation and changes as we experience life, can be helpful to recover from injury

Question 35

brain injuries

Answer 35

brain injury location affects the function of that specific location ex: frontal lobe injury -> struggle with muscle/motor control ad cognitive functions

Question 36

nodes of ranvier

Answer 36

between myelin sheath signals jump between

Question 37

terminal buttons

Answer 37

release NT

Question 38

neuroplasticity

Answer 38

brain adapts and responds to environment (malleable) experiences influence brain

Question 39

limbic system

Answer 39

circuit of structures in the brain regulate emotions motivate behaviors

Question 40

thalamus

Answer 40

sends info to cerebral cortex "great relay center"

Question 41

hypothalamus

Answer 41

5Fs fleeing, fighting, freezing, feeding, and ... mating bonus? fawning