CNS - Drugs for antipsychotics Flashcards
what are the 2 main categories of antipsychotics?
typical vs atypical
*both block dopamine receptors = decrease hyperactivity of the limbic system
what are the typical antipsychotics
chlor|promazine (low potency)
halo|peridol (high potency)
what is the MoA and following side effects of typical antipsychotics
- block D2 > 5HT2 receptors
= more EPS - antagonises histamine receptors
= sedation - antagonises cholinergic receptors
= anticholinergic effects
= increase sympathetic NS effects
= constipation, dry mouth. etc - antagonises alpha adrenergic receptors
= more vasodilation
= postural hypotension
what are the typical antipsychotics
olan|zapine
clo|zapine
ris|peridone
what is the MoA and following side effects of atypical antipsychotics
block 5HT2 > D2 receptors
- rare: neuroepileptic malignant syndrome
- hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycemia
what are the specific side effects of the atypical antipsychotics?
COR
**clo|zapine = agranulocytosis, sedation
olan|zapine = sedation
ris|peridone = EPS
quetia|pine = metabolic syndrome
all cause weight gain
what are the EPS reactions?
(read up more about this)
- acute dystonia
- parkinsonism
- akathisia
- maligant syndromes
- tardive dyskinesia
what are antipsychotics used for?
schizophrenia
what are the extrapyramidal side effects?
- acute dystonia
- parkisonism
- akathisia
- neuroepileptic malignant syndrome
- tardive dyskinesia
what are the neurotransmitter pathways affected in schizophrenia?
- dopamine pathway
what is the dopamine hypothesis?
HYPERactivity in mesoLIMBIC pathway
= too MUCH dopamine causes EXCESSIVE signalling
= positive symptoms (presence of abnormal signs)
HYPOactivity in mesoCORTICAL pathway
= too LITTLE dopamine causes reduced signalling
= negative symptoms (absence of normal signs)
what are the symptoms of schizophrenia?
positive symptoms: degeneration in the TEMPORAL lobe
negative symptoms: degeneration in the FRONTAL lobe
