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Pharmacology > CNS, Anesthetic, Relaxant, Psychiatric, and Opiod Drugs > Flashcards

CNS, Anesthetic, Relaxant, Psychiatric, and Opiod Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Mnemonics-GABA receptors effects

A

FREnzodiazepines: FREquency
BarbiDURATes: DURATion

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2
Q

What abnormal sleep pattern results from the use of benzodiazepines?

A

decreased REM sleep

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3
Q

Which benzodiazepine has the longest half-life?

A

CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE has the longest half-life (36-200 hours) and the longest spelling (many letters)

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4
Q

Which drugs are considered date-rape drugs?

A

Alcohol (most common)
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate

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5
Q

Mnemonics-Thiopental

A

TAYOpental=TAYO agad (shortest acting)

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6
Q

What enzyme is deficient in acute intermittent porphyria?

A

HMB synthase

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7
Q

What is the most catastrophic symptom of sedative-hypnotic withdrawal?

A

rebound suicide

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8
Q

Mnemonics-Zolpidem

A

zzZZzzZZzzZZzz (sleep)

Zolpidem, Zaleplon = Zleep disorders

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9
Q

Mnemonics-Buspirone

A

Buspirone for Busy People (Always Anxious)

BuSPirone like your BenzodiaSePine

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10
Q

Mnemonics-Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Weird ACO = Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

-Ataxia, confusion, Ophthalmoplegia

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11
Q

What changes in the brain are seen in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Hemorrhagic necrosis of the mamillary bodies

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12
Q

Mnemonics-Delirium Tremens

A 
H-A-D 48
Hallucinations 
Autonomic instability
Delirium
48-72 hours post-discontinuation
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13
Q

What drugs can cause disulfiram reaction?

A 
Clara took the Pre-Medical Test in the PM
Chlorpropamide
Cefo Perazone
       Mandole
       Tetan
Procarbazine
Metronidazole
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14
Q

How will you distinguish whether local anesthetics are esters or amides?

A

ESTERS have only 1 i in their names.
Tetracaine, Procaine, Benzocaine
AMIDES have 2 i’s in their names.
Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Lidocaine

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15
Q

Which local anesthetics have the shortest and the longest half-lives?

A

PROCAINE = shortest half-life (1-2 mins)
A PRO finishes the race fastest.
ROPIVACAINE = longest half-life (4.2 hrs)
At the end of the long ROPe.

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16
Q

Mnemonics-Delirium Tremens

A 
H-A-D 48
Hallucinations 
Autonomic instability
Delirium
48-72 hours post-discontinuation
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17
Q

What drugs can cause disulfiram reaction?

A 
Clara took the Pre-Medical Test in the PM
Chlorpropamide
Cefo Perazone
       Mandole
       Tetan
Procarbazine
Metronidazole
18
Q

How will you distinguish whether local anesthetics are esters or amides?

A

ESTERS have only 1 i in their names.
Tetracaine, Procaine, Benzocaine
AMIDES have 2 i’s in their names.
Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Lidocaine

19
Q

Which local anesthetics have the shortest and the longest half-lives?

A

PROCAINE = shortest half-life (1-2 mins)
A PRO finishes the race fastest.
ROPIVACAINE = longest half-life (4.2 hrs)
At the end of the long ROPe.

20
Q

Why should you NOT inject local anesthetics into an abscess during incision and drainage?

A
  • won’t work due to acidic environment

- (below pKa = uncharged form with no anesthetic activity predominates)

21
Q

What is the toxic dose of LIDOCAINE?

A 
toxic dose = 5 mg/kg
for any drug or solution, 1% = 10 mg/mL
For a 70 kg patient:
70 kg x 5 mg/kg = 350 mg toxic dose
If 1% solution is used: 350 mg/10 mg/mL = 35 mL
22
Q

What are the drugs used in lethal injection?

A

Thiopental (5g)
Pancuronium (100mg)
Potassium Chloride (100mEq)

23
Q

What are the primary signs of Parkinson Disease?

A 
PARKINSON DISEASE
It's a TRAP
Tremor 
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural instability
24
Q

What drugs can cause livedo reticularis?

A 
A man reads FHM and GQ!
Amantadine
Hydroxyurea
Minocycline
Gemcitabine
Quinidine
25
Q

What are the features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A 
NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME
Fever
Encephalopathy
Vitals unstable
Elevated CPK
Rigidity
26
Q

Differentiate Malignant Hyperthermia (MH), Serotonin Syndrome (SS), and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) based on ONSET

A

MH: Within minutes
SS: Within hours
NMS: 1-3 days

27
Q

What drugs can cause erectile dysfunction?

A 
ERECTILE DYSFUNCTIONS
A SORE PEniS can't Fuck Hard!
SSRIs
Opiates
Risperidone
Ethanol
Propranolol
Estrogens
Spironolactone
Finasteride
Hydrochlorothiazide
28
Q

What drugs can cause priapism?

A 
PRIAPISM
Tigas PeniS Co, AyaW Bumaba!
Trazodone
Papaverine
Sildenafil
Quetiapine
Alprostadil
Warfarin
Bupropion
29
Q

Differentiate Malignant Hyperthermia (MH), Serotonin Syndrome (SS), and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) based on CLINICAL FEATURES

A

MH: Fever, Acidosis, Rhabdomyolysis, Trismus, Clonus, Hypertension
SS: Fever, Agitation, Tremor, Clonus, Hyperreflexia, Diaphoresis
NMS: Fever, Encephalophaty, Vitals unstable, Elevated CPK, Rigidity

30
Q

Differentiate Malignant Hyperthermia (MH), Serotonin Syndrome (SS), and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) based on FIRST-LINE TREATMENT

A

MH: Dantrolene
SS: Sedation, paralysis, intubation and ventilation, cyproheptadine
NMS: Dantolene + support

31
Q

Differentiate Malignant Hyperthermia (MH), Serotonin Syndrome (SS), and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) based on PRECIPITATING DRUG

A

MH: Volatile anesthetics (halothane), succinylcholine
SS: SSRIs, MAOIs, TCAs, meperidine, MDMA, St. John wort
NMS: Antipsychotics

32
Q

Differentiate Malignant Hyperthermia (MH), Serotonin Syndrome (SS), and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) based on MECHANISM

A

MH: Massive Calcium release from SR
SS: Excess serotonin
NMS: Dopamine antagonism

33
Q

Differentiate Malignant Hyperthermia (MH), Serotonin Syndrome (SS), and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) based on CLINICAL FEATURES

A

MH: Fever, Acidosis, Rhabdomyolysis, Trismus, Clonus, Hypertension
SS: Fever, Agitation, Tremor, Clonus, Hyper

34
Q

Differentiate Malignant Hyperthermia (MH), Serotonin Syndrome (SS), and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) based on FIRST-LINE TREATMENT

A

MH: Dantrolene
SS: Sedation, paralysis, intubation and ventilation
NMS: Dantolene + support

35
Q

Differentiate Malignant Hyperthermia (MH), Serotonin Syndrome (SS), and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) based on OTHER TREATMENT

A

MH: Cooling
SS: Cooling, cyproheptadine, chlorpromazine
NMS: Cooling, dantrolene, bromocriptine, amantadine, diazepam

36
Q

Which opioids have the shortest and longest half-lives?

A 
REMIFENTANIL = shortest half-life (3-4 mins)
BUPRENORPHINE = longest half-life (4-8 hrs)
37
Q

How do you remember the opioid receptors?

A
  • (MU) receptor = Mabagal hUminga
  • (delTa) receptor = Tolerance
  • (Kappa) receptor = Konstipation
38
Q

Morphine Effects

A 
Miosis
Orthostatic hypotential
Pulmonary depression
Histamine release
Increased ICP
Nausea
Euphoria
39
Q

What is the triad of opioid overdose?

A 
OPIOID OVERDOSE
P-C-R
Pupillary constriction
Comatose state
Respiratory depression
40
Q

Mnemonics- Cocaine Intoxication

A

Nakakita ka ng ice-cold coke. Na-excite ka. Nanlaki ang mata mo.
COCAINE = mydriasis

41
Q

Mnemonics-Marijuana Intoxication

A

BLOODY MARY

MARIJUANA = red conjunctiva

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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