Basic Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Mnemonics: Heparin

A

Heparin is Large
MOA increase Antithrombin III
Monitored using PTT
Antidote is Protamine Sulfate

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2
Q

Mnemonics:

Endocytosis vs Pinocytosis

A
Endocytosis = Cell Eating
Pinocytisis = Cell Drinking
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3
Q

Mnemonics: pKa

A

UP above

Unprotonated > Protonated: above pKa

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4
Q

Mnemonics - Bicarbonate and Ammonium Chloride

A

Alkalinizing Agent=Basic=give Bicarbonate

ACidifying Agent=ACidic=Ammonium Chloride

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5
Q

Which quadrant of the buttocks is safest fro IM drug administration?

A

superolateral=safe
superomedial=gluteus medius gait
inferomedial=sciatica

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6
Q

Through which blood vessels do drugs administered SL pass before reaching the heart?

A

lingual vein –> IJV –> branchiocephalic (innominate) vein –> SVC –> RA

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7
Q

Why is the only partial bypass of the first pass-effect on rectal administration?

A

Review the VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE RECTUM.
Superior Rectal Vein: IMV –> PV (first-pass)
Middle Rectal Vein: IIV –> IVC
Inferior Rectal Vein: IPV –> IIV –> IVC

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8
Q

Mnemonics-Nitric Oxide

A

JoyOUS = HAPPY = NitrOUS oxide = laughing gas

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9
Q

Describe Acute inflammation

A

Drying agents (tinctures, wet dressings and lotions)

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10
Q

Describe Chronic inflammation

A

Lubricating agents (creams, ointments)

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11
Q

What routes of drug administration:
undergo significant first-pass effect?
partially bypass the first-pass effect?
complete bypass the first-pass effect?

A
  • oral
  • rectal
  • IV, IM, SC, SL, inhalation, topical, transdermal
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12
Q

What drugs display zero order elimination kinetics?

A
WHAT PET
Warfarin
Heparin
Aspirin
Tolbutamide
Phenytoin
Ethanol -  at high concentration
Theophylline
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13
Q

Which drug displays first-order elimination?

zero-order elimination?

A

0h 1hr 2h 3h 4h

80 60 40 20 0

80 40 20 10 5

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14
Q

What drugs displaytachyphylaxis?

A
MEDical Students Love to watch CNN in HD!
Metoclopramide
Ephedrine
Dobutamine
LSD
Calcitonin
Nitroglycerin
Nicotine
Hydralazine
Desmopressin
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15
Q

After oral administration of 500mg of Drug A, only 300mg were absorbed into the patient’s systemic circulation. What is its bioavailability?

A

300/500= 60%

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16
Q

A drug is 50% cleared by the kidney and 50% by the liver . Its normal dosage is 200mg/d. What is the corrected dosage in a patient with a creatinine clearance of 20mL/min?

A
Dosage = 100mg/d +100mg/d x 20/100
Dosage = 120mg/d
17
Q

Mnemonics-Phase I Reactions

A
A HORDe of PHASE I REACTIONS
Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction
Deamination
18
Q

Mnemonic-Cytochrome P450 Inducers –> Metabolism is faster

A
Ethel Booba takes Phen-Phen and Refuses Greasy Carb Shakes
Ethanol
Barbiturates
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
St. John's Wort / Smoking
19
Q

Mnemonics-Cytochrome P450 Inhibitors

A
Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRApefruit Q
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Erythromycin
Grapefruit Juice
Ritonavir
Amiodarone
Quinidine