Cardiac, Pulmonary, Hyperlipidemic, Histamine, Serotonin, and Eicosanoid Drugs Flashcards
What is the blood pressure goal in hypertensive patients with:
No comorbidities? < 140/90
Diabetes mellitus? < 130/80
Chronic kidney disease? < 130/80
What drugs are used to control blood pressure in pheochromocytoma?
Phenoxybenzamine, Phentolamine or Labetalol
What medications may cause drug-induced lupus?
It's HIPP to have LUPUS! Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide Penicillamine
How does minoxidil cause excessive hair growth?
Minoxidil stimulates hair follicles (telogen phase) to differentiate into growth follicles (anagen phase)
Why are patients with diabetic nephropathy treated with ACE-inhibitors?
ACE inhibitors decrease albumin excretion and slow progression from micro-to macroalbuminuria (renoprotective effect)
Why do patients taking angiotensin antagonists (ACE-Is/ARBs) develop hyperkalemia?
ACE-Is/ARBs reduce aldosterone levels and cause potassium retention
Which portion of the electron transport chain is affected by cyanide?
Complex IV (cytochrome oxidase) of the Electron Transport Chain
What is the antidote for cyanide poisoning?
inhaled amyl nitrite + IV sodium nitrite + IV sodium thiosulfate
Why do patients taking nitrates usually experience throbbing headaches?
due to meningeal artery vasodilation
Why is calcium -dependent neurotransmission or hormone release not affected by CCBs?
- CCBs block L-type calcium channels
- other functions use N-, P-, and R-types
What drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia?
NapaCa-Pangit ng gingiVa mo! Nifedipine Cyclosporine Phenytoin Verapamil
Which type of heart failure presents with:
Orthopnea, PND, Pulmonary Congestion?
Hepatomegaly , Edema, Engorged Neck Veins?
Left-sided
Right-sided
What drugs have narrow therapeutic index?
WALA na Cyang PaPa! VasTeD na! Warfarin Aminoglycosides Lithium Amphotericin B Carbamazepine Phenobarbital Phenytoin Vancomycin Theophylline Digoxin
What drugs have shown to improve survival in case of heart failure?
ABA! Buhay ka pa!
ACE inhibitors
Beta-blockers
Aldosterone Antagonists
What are the effects of class I antiarrhythmics on action potential duration?
Class IA: prolongs AP duration
Class IB: shortens AP duration
Class IC: no effects on AP duration
Class IA
I Am the Queen Who Proclaimed Diso’s pyramid
Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide
Class IB
I Buy Mexican Taco’s from Lily
IB: Mexiletine, Tocainide, Lidocaine
IB Is Best post MI
What are the drugs that can cause agranulocytosis?
Agranulocytosis! CCCAPPIT! Clozapine Co-trimoxazole Colchicine Aminopyrine Phenylbutazone PTU Indomethacin Tocainide
Class IC
Chicken ay Pagkain For Enrico
IC: Propafenone, Flecainide, Encainide
IC Is Contraindicated post MI
What are the major subgroups of beta-blockers?
Nonselective –> PROPRANOL, TIMOLOL
Beta1-selective –> ACEBUTOLOL, BETAXOLOL, ESMOLOL, ATENOLOL, METROPOLOL
Partial agonist –> PINDOLOL, ACEBUTOLOL
Lacking local anesthetic effect –> TIMOLOL
Low lipid solubility –> ATENOLOL
Shortest-acting –> ESMOLOL
Longest-acting –> NADOLOL
Combined a and b blockade –> CARVEDILOL, LABETALOL
AMIODARONE TOXICITY
Pulmonary Paresthesias Tremors Thyroid dysfunction Corneal deposits Skin deposits
Class 3 Antiarrhythmics
AIDS
Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol
Why are dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers not useful as antiarrhythmics?
dihydropyridine CCBs evoke compensatory sympathetic discharge which facilitates arrhythmias rather than terminating them
Mnemonics-Metabolic Acidosis
ACIDazolamide causes ACIDosis
