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Pharmacology > Cardiac, Pulmonary, Hyperlipidemic, Histamine, Serotonin, and Eicosanoid Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiac, Pulmonary, Hyperlipidemic, Histamine, Serotonin, and Eicosanoid Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the blood pressure goal in hypertensive patients with:

A

No comorbidities? < 140/90
Diabetes mellitus? < 130/80
Chronic kidney disease? < 130/80

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2
Q

What drugs are used to control blood pressure in pheochromocytoma?

A

Phenoxybenzamine, Phentolamine or Labetalol

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3
Q

What medications may cause drug-induced lupus?

A 
It's HIPP to have LUPUS!
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
Penicillamine
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4
Q

How does minoxidil cause excessive hair growth?

A

Minoxidil stimulates hair follicles (telogen phase) to differentiate into growth follicles (anagen phase)

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5
Q

Why are patients with diabetic nephropathy treated with ACE-inhibitors?

A

ACE inhibitors decrease albumin excretion and slow progression from micro-to macroalbuminuria (renoprotective effect)

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6
Q

Why do patients taking angiotensin antagonists (ACE-Is/ARBs) develop hyperkalemia?

A

ACE-Is/ARBs reduce aldosterone levels and cause potassium retention

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7
Q

Which portion of the electron transport chain is affected by cyanide?

A

Complex IV (cytochrome oxidase) of the Electron Transport Chain

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8
Q

What is the antidote for cyanide poisoning?

A

inhaled amyl nitrite + IV sodium nitrite + IV sodium thiosulfate

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9
Q

Why do patients taking nitrates usually experience throbbing headaches?

A

due to meningeal artery vasodilation

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10
Q

Why is calcium -dependent neurotransmission or hormone release not affected by CCBs?

A
  • CCBs block L-type calcium channels

- other functions use N-, P-, and R-types

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11
Q

What drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia?

A 
NapaCa-Pangit ng gingiVa mo!
Nifedipine
Cyclosporine
Phenytoin
Verapamil
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12
Q

Which type of heart failure presents with:
Orthopnea, PND, Pulmonary Congestion?
Hepatomegaly , Edema, Engorged Neck Veins?

A

Left-sided

Right-sided

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13
Q

What drugs have narrow therapeutic index?

A 
WALA na Cyang PaPa! VasTeD na!
Warfarin
Aminoglycosides
Lithium
Amphotericin B
Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Vancomycin
Theophylline
Digoxin
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14
Q

What drugs have shown to improve survival in case of heart failure?

A

ABA! Buhay ka pa!
ACE inhibitors
Beta-blockers
Aldosterone Antagonists

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15
Q

What are the effects of class I antiarrhythmics on action potential duration?

A

Class IA: prolongs AP duration
Class IB: shortens AP duration
Class IC: no effects on AP duration

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16
Q

Class IA

A

I Am the Queen Who Proclaimed Diso’s pyramid

Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide

17
Q

Class IB

A

I Buy Mexican Taco’s from Lily
IB: Mexiletine, Tocainide, Lidocaine
IB Is Best post MI

18
Q

What are the drugs that can cause agranulocytosis?

A 
Agranulocytosis! CCCAPPIT!
Clozapine
Co-trimoxazole
Colchicine
Aminopyrine
Phenylbutazone
PTU
Indomethacin
Tocainide
19
Q

Class IC

A

Chicken ay Pagkain For Enrico
IC: Propafenone, Flecainide, Encainide
IC Is Contraindicated post MI

20
Q

What are the major subgroups of beta-blockers?

A

Nonselective –> PROPRANOL, TIMOLOL
Beta1-selective –> ACEBUTOLOL, BETAXOLOL, ESMOLOL, ATENOLOL, METROPOLOL
Partial agonist –> PINDOLOL, ACEBUTOLOL
Lacking local anesthetic effect –> TIMOLOL
Low lipid solubility –> ATENOLOL
Shortest-acting –> ESMOLOL
Longest-acting –> NADOLOL
Combined a and b blockade –> CARVEDILOL, LABETALOL

21
Q

AMIODARONE TOXICITY

A 
Pulmonary
Paresthesias
Tremors
Thyroid dysfunction
Corneal deposits
Skin deposits
22
Q

Class 3 Antiarrhythmics

A

AIDS

Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol

23
Q

Why are dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers not useful as antiarrhythmics?

A

dihydropyridine CCBs evoke compensatory sympathetic discharge which facilitates arrhythmias rather than terminating them

24
Q

Mnemonics-Metabolic Acidosis

A

ACIDazolamide causes ACIDosis

25
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with loop diuretics?

A 
OH DANG!
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy to sulfa
Nephritis
Gout
26
Q

Mnemonics- Thiazide diurectics

A 
Hyper GLUC
HyperGlycemia
HyperLipidemia
HyperUricemia
HyperCalcemia
27
Q

Mnemonic-Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

A 
The KL STAEs (stays) with K sparing diuretics!
Spironolactone
Triamterene
Amiloride
Eplerenone
28
Q

Which drugs can cause gynecomastia?

A 
GYNECOMASTIA
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers
Spironolactone
Digoxin
Cimetidine
Alcohol
Ketoconazole
29
Q

Why are statins used in the management of coronary artery diseases?

A

for stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques

30
Q

For which biochemical pathway are the following rate-limiting enzymes:
HMG-CoA Synthase?
HMG-CoA Reductase

A

Ketone body synthesis (ketogenesis)

Cholesterol biosynthesis

31
Q

What are the drugs that cause flushing?

A 
V-A-N-C
Vancomycin
Adenosine
Niacin
Calcium channel blockers
32
Q

Mnemonics-Fibrates

A

FULL: Fibrates Upregulate Lipoprotein Lipase

33
Q

Mnemonics-Alprostadil

A 
Prostglandin E1 (Alprostadil)
E1 (iwan) mong bukas ang ductus
maintains patency of PDA

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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