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Pharm I > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the “bark” of the brain?

A

Cerebral cortex

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2
Q

We want a lot of cerebral cortex, but our skull space doesn’t have enough room. What features of the brain allows for increase in surface area to allow more cortex?

A

Gyri and sulci

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3
Q

Gyri are _____. Sulci are _____.

A

Mountains; valleys

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4
Q

What are the 4 major landmarks of the brain?

A

Cerebral cortex
Lateral sulcus
Central sulcus
Cerebellum

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5
Q

What structure of the brain is involved in balance and coordination?

A

Cerebellum

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6
Q

For each lobe of the brain, is there different types of cortex?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

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8
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Executive functioning

Planning and initiating motor movement

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9
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Language comprehension and production; memory and learning; vision

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10
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Interpreting sensory input from the body; vision and somatosensory integration areas; written language

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11
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Visual function

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12
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

Anterior to the central sulcus; frontal lobe

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13
Q

What is the collective term for a large number of interconnected nuclei and area of the brain involved in learning, memory, emotion, and executive function?

A

Limbic system

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14
Q

What are the 6 limbic nuclei?

A
  • Hippocampus and entorhinal cortex
  • Amygdala
  • Endogenous reward system
  • Cingulate gyrus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Orbitofrontal cortex & dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
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15
Q

LIMBIC NUCLEI: Which of the 6 is involved with learning and memory?

A

Hippocampus and entorhinal cortex

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16
Q

LIMBIC NUCLEI: What is one of the first parts of the brain that is harmed when you have alzehimers?

A

Entorhinal cortex

17
Q

LIMBIC NUCLEI: What is the function of amygdala?

A

Emotion, specifically fear

18
Q

LIMBIC NUCLEI: What are the characteristics of the endogenous reward system?

A

Happiness, pleasure, dopamine

19
Q

LIMBIC NUCLEI: What is the hypothalamus involved in?

A

Feeding
Fight
Flight
Fuck (reproduction)

20
Q

LIMBIC NUCLEI: What is the role of the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

A

Social and executive function

21
Q

LIMBIC NUCLEI: With demential patients, sometimes they have a “dead” dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. What does that mean?

A

That would be the underlying cause to why dementia patients with a dead dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are so mean and crude.

22
Q

LIMBIC NUCLEI: What nuclei plays a large role in mental disorders, specifically ADD and OCD?

A

Cingulate gyrus

23
Q

What are the 5 parts of an axon?

A

Axon, dendrites, cell body, myelin, and synaptic terminal

24
Q

Do infants have fully developed myelin sheaths?

A

No

25
Q

Do any of our neurons touch each other?

A

No

26
Q

What are the 3 ways neurotransmitters are cleared from the synapse?

A

Reuptake
Enzymatic degradation
Diffusion

27
Q

What is reuptake?

A

Reabsorption of the neurotransmitter into the neuron

28
Q

What is enzymatic degradation?

A

Destruction of the neurotransmitter with special chemicals called enzymes

29
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The neurotransmitter becoming detached from the receptor and drifting out of the synaptic cleft

30
Q

What are the 3 groups for the major CNS neurotransmitters?

A

Cholinergics
Amino acids
Monamines

31
Q

What neurotransmitter is part of the cholinergic?

A

Acetylcholine-Associated with alzehimers

32
Q

What are the 2 neurotransmitters part of the amino acids?

A

Glutamate

Gaba

33
Q

AMINO ACIDS: What does glutamate do?

A

Biosynthesis of proteins

34
Q

AMINO ACIDS: What does GABA do?

A

Relaxes, slows processes in the brain; associated with anxiety; muscle tone

35
Q

What are the 3 neurotransmitters of the monoamines?

A

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin

36
Q

MONOAMINES: What does dopamine regulate?

A 
Pleasure
Attention
Concentration
Energy
Motivation
Mood
Muscle movement
37
Q

MONOAMINES: What does norepinephrine regulate?

A

Mood
Alertness
Concentration
Energy

38
Q

MONOAMINES: What does serotonin regulate?

A

Mood
Anxiety
Sex
Appetitie

39
Q

What does this statement mean: “From a therapeutic perspective, the BBB is a mixed blessing”

A

The BBB protects the brain from injury by potential toxic substances, but it can also be a significant obstacle to entry of therapeutic agents

Pharm I (30 decks)

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