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OT Sem 2 > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

(Forebrain) at primary brain vesicle

A

prosencephalon

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2
Q

primary brain vesicle develop at ____ week

A

3rd

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3
Q

primary brain vesicle develop midbrain

A

mesencephalon

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4
Q

primary brain vesicle develop hindbrain

A

rhombencephalon

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5
Q

Secondary
Brain
Vesicles -
Develop_______
week of
gestation

A

5th

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6
Q

diencephalon is derived from

A

Prosenceph
alon

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7
Q

Tectum is from

A

mesencephalon

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8
Q

mesencephalon in adult structures

A

tectum and cerebral peduncle

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9
Q

rhombencephalon at 5th week of gestation

A

metencephalon; myelencephalon

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10
Q

telencephalon in adult structures

A

cerebrum; basal ganglia

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11
Q

myelencephalon in adult structures

A

M.O

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12
Q

pons and _______ are from _____

A

cerebellum; metencephalon

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13
Q

cerebral peduncle divided into 2

A

crus cerebri; tegmentum

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14
Q

roof of midbrain

A

tectum

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15
Q

diencephalon adult structures

A

SHET

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16
Q

Cavities within the brain filled with CSF

A

Ventricular System

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17
Q

Major component of ventricular system

A

ventricles; CSF

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18
Q

Structures involved in the cavities:

third ventricle

A

diencephalon (SHET)

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19
Q

Structures involved in the cavities:

sylvian aqueduct

A

mesencephalon

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20
Q

Structures involved in the cavities:

lateral ventricle

A

telencephalon

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21
Q

Structures involved in the cavities:

fourth ventricle

A

rhombencephalon

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22
Q

Clear, colorless fluid

A

CSF

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23
Q

Chief producer of CSF:

A

Choroid plexus

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24
Q

amount choroid plexus can produce

A

500 ML

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25
Q

normal amount of CSF in adult

A

150 mL

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26
Q

Fxns of CSF

A

HaNDS

■ Homeostasis (to maintain
balance)
■ Nourishes brain & spinal cord
■ Drains unwanted substances
■ Shock absorption

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27
Q

CSF Flow

A

Come Lets Migrate To States For Money Love Sex Ahhh

Choroid Plexus
Lateral Ventricle
Foramen Monroe
Third Ventricle
Sylvian aqueduct
Fourth ventricle
Foramen Magendie
Foramen Lushka
Subarachnoid space
Arachnoid villi

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28
Q

Subarachnoid space termination level

A

S2

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29
Q

location subarachnoid space

A

Loc: Pia mater & arachnoid mater

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30
Q

Membranous connective tissue layers that
cover brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

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31
Q

SCALP meaning

A

SCALP - skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis,
loose areolar tissue, pericranium

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32
Q

MEninges

layer before subarachnoid space

A

arachnoid mater

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33
Q

MEninges

layer before duramater

A

epidural space

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34
Q

MEninges

layer after subarachnoid space

A

pia mater

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35
Q

MEninges

layer before epidural space

A

scalp

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36
Q

MEninges

layer after subdural space

A

arachnoid mater

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37
Q

majority of CSF is seen here

A

subarachnoid space

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38
Q

Lumbar tap procedure safest vertebral level to extract

A

L4-L5

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39
Q

Termination of spinal cord
(adult)

A

L1 to L2 (L1 if one)

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40
Q

Termination of spinal cord (kids)

A

L2-L3 (L3)

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41
Q

Aka “Pachymeninx”

A

Duramater

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42
Q

Strongest layer of meninges

A

duramater

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43
Q

Leptomeninges

A

pia mater ; arachnoid mater

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44
Q

Directly attached to
brain/skull

A

pia mater

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45
Q

cerebrum Has 2 cerebral hemispheres - connected by

A

corpus callosum

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46
Q

largest commissural fiber

A

corpus callosum

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47
Q

cerebrum has _____ representation

A

C/L

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48
Q

cerebrum’s Aka “dominant
hemisphere”

A

left hemisphere

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49
Q

cerebrum left hemisphere controls???

A

MALL
M - mathematical
A - analytical
L - Logic
L - language

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50
Q

cerebrum’s right hemisphere controls???

A

MICA
M - memory (memoright) &
music
I - insight
C - creativity
A - arts

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51
Q

It increases the surface area of cerebrum

A

gyrus

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52
Q

Depressions/grooves in cerebrum

A

sulcus

deep/major: fissure

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53
Q

Separates right and Left
cerebral hemispheres

A

Medial Longitudinal
F.

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54
Q

Separates parietal &
occipital lobes

A

Parieto - occipital
Fissures

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55
Q

Separates temporal lobe
from frontal and parietal
lobes

A

Lateral Sylvian
Fissures

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56
Q

Separates frontal and
parietal lobes

A

Rolandic Fissure
“central sulcus of
Rolando”

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57
Q

Internal Surface of cerebrum

A

a. Cerebral Cortex
b. Cerebral Medulla

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58
Q

Aka “cerebral
gray matter”

A

cerebral cortex

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59
Q

Aka “ cerebral
white matter”

A

cerebral medulla

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60
Q

fxn of cerebral medulla

A

Fxns:
connection
/communication

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61
Q

fxn of cerebral cortex

A

Fxns: cognition
& processing

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62
Q

Brodmann’s Areas
- Has _______ areas (13-16: no representation)

A

47

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63
Q

broadman areas in frontal lobe

A

4, 6, 8, 9-12, 44&45

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64
Q

BA4: _______

A

primary motor area

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65
Q

BA 6: __________

A

BA 6: Premotor Area

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66
Q

BA 8: ___________

A

BA 8: Frontal eye field

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67
Q

BA 9,10,11,12: __________

A

BA 9,10,11,12: Prefrontal Areas

68
Q

BA 44,45: _________

A

BA 44,45: Broca’s Area

69
Q

BA 6: Premotor Area aka

A

Secondary motor area”/ “Motor
association area”

70
Q

Aka “precentral gyrus”

A

BA 4: Primary motor area

71
Q

Brodman’s Area
Fxn: for conjugate eye movements

A

BA 8: Frontal eye field

72
Q

BA
Fxns:
- Intelligence
- Personality and behavior

A

9-12

73
Q

BA

AKA Motor speech area

A

BA 44,45: Broca’s Area

74
Q

BA

Fxn: motor execution

A

BA 4: Primary motor area

75
Q

BA

Lesion: flaccidity

A

BA 4: Primary motor area

76
Q

BA

Lesion:
- Tremor
- Spasticity
- Akinesia
- Incoordination

A

BA 6: Premotor Area

77
Q

BA

Lesion: frontal gaze palsy

A

BA 8: Frontal eye field

78
Q

BA

Lesion:
- Mood changes
- Agitation
- Apathy

A

BA 9,10,11,12: Prefrontal Areas

79
Q

BA

  • (-) language fluency
  • (+) comprehension
A

BA 44,45: Broca’s Area

80
Q

BA PARIETAL LOBE

A

312, 5-7, 39, 40, 43

81
Q

Fxns:
- Naming
- Writing
- Reading
- Right and left orientation
- Mathematical ability

BA

A

BA 39: ANGULAR GYRUS

82
Q

interprets general sensations
perceived by BA 3,1,2 except for
pain and temperature

BA

A

BA 5,7: Secondary
sensory/somesthetic area

83
Q

Aka “postcentral gyrus”

BA

A

BA 3,1,2: Primary
sensory/somesthetic area
- Aka “postcentral gyrus”

84
Q

Lesion: anesthesia

BA

A

BA 3,1,2: Primary
sensory/somesthetic area

85
Q

BA

Fxn: assist in language
comprehension together with BA 22

A

BA 40: Supramarginal Gyrus

86
Q

BA

Lesion: Gerstmann Syndrome

A

BA 39: Angular Gyrus

87
Q

BA

receives general sensations but
can only interpret pain and
temperature

A

BA 3,1,2: Primary
sensory/somesthetic area

88
Q

Lesion: ideomotor apraxia
- Problem in language
processing

BA

A

BA 40: Supramarginal Gyrus

89
Q

GENERAL SENSATIONS INTERPRETED BY BA 5;7

A
  • Touch
  • Pressure
  • Proprioception
  • Barognosis
  • Graphesthesia
  • Stereognosis
  • Palestesia
  • Two-point discrimination
90
Q

BA

Lesion: Ageusia

A

BA 43: Primary gustatory area

91
Q

BA IN OCCIPITAL LOBE

A

17, 18-19

92
Q

BA 17: Primary visual area AKA _________

A

Striate cortex

93
Q

BA17 UNILATERAL LESION

A

Unilateral: Homonymous
hemianopsia

94
Q

BA

Interprets images seen/perceived by
BA 17

A

BA 18-19

95
Q

LESION BA 18-19

A

Visual agnosia
- prosopagnosia - can’t interpret faces
- Simultanagnosia/balint’s agnosia
- Can’t see the whole and can
only see part by part of the
picture

96
Q

LOBE

Fxns:
- Hearing
- Memory specifically the medial part
of the TL (hippocampus)
- Olfaction

A

TEMPORAL

97
Q

BA

Fxn: sense of hearing

A

BA 41, 42

98
Q

BA LESION

Unilateral: C/L deafness
- Bilateral: total/cortical deafness

A

BA 41,42

99
Q

Right BA 22 AKA

A

Auditory Association AREA

100
Q

Left BA 22:

A

Wernicke’s Area

101
Q

Right BA 22: Auditory Association
- Fxn:

A

interprets sounds except
language

102
Q

Left BA 22: Wernicke’s Area
- Fxn:

A

LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION

103
Q

Basal Ganglia
Fxns:

A

MODULATION; INITIATION OF MVMNT

104
Q

Basal Ganglia

Modulation of movement
- Lesions:

A
  • hypokinetic movement disorder (Ex:
    Parkinson’s disease)
  • hyperkinetic movement disorder
105
Q

HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS:

(4)

A

Chorea
Dystonia
Athetosis
Hemiballismus

106
Q

Rapid, jerky, irregular movements

A

CHOREA

107
Q

Wild flailing/flinging movements

A

Hemiballismus

108
Q

Worm like movements/slow
writhing movements (distal limb
affected)

A

ATHETOSIS

109
Q

Sustained contraction of agonist
and antagonist

A

DYSTONIA

110
Q

WHAT STURCTURE HAD LESION THAT RESULTS TO CHOREA

A

NEOSTRIATUM

111
Q

WHAT STRUCTURE HAD LESION THAT RESULTS TO Hemiballismus

A

SUBTHALAMUS

112
Q

WHAT STRUCTURE HAD LESION THAT RESULTS TO DYSTONIA

A

PUTAMEN

113
Q

WHAT STRUCTURE HAD LESION THAT RESULTS TO ATHETOSIS

A

GLOBUS PALLIDUS

114
Q

STRUCTURES OF BASAL GANGLIA

A

CAUDATE NUCLEUS, PUTAMEN, GLOBUS PALLIDUS

115
Q

Caudate N + Putamen =

A

NEOSTRIATUM

116
Q

PUTAMEN + Globus Pallidus

A

lentiform nucleus

117
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY OF NEOSTRIATUM

A

LENTICULOSTRIATE (terminal branch of
MCA)

118
Q

Globus Pallidus
- Aka

A

PALEOSTRIATUM

119
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY OF PALEOSTRIATUM

A

recurrent artery of
huebner (terminal branch of ACA)

120
Q

Only excitatory
projection of the basal
ganglia

A

Subthalamus

121
Q

SUBTHALAMUS releases
neurotransmitter called

A

GLUTAMATE

122
Q

When glutamate is
increased there is
condition we called

A

Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis

123
Q

Hypothalamus FXNS

A

Fxns:
● Temperature regulation
of the body
● Regulates autonomic
nervous system
● Regulates pituitary
gland
● Feeding centers
● Thirst center
● Sexual desire
● Emotion
● Circadian rhythm

124
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS Anterior Nucleus:
promotes

A

HEAT LOSS

125
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS Posterior Nucleus:
promotes

A

heat production

126
Q

important for
milk ejection

A

oxytocin

127
Q

(+) pineal gland

A

epithalamus

128
Q

releases/produces
melatonin = promotes
sleep

A

pineal gland

129
Q

Sensory relay station in
the brain

A

thalamus

130
Q

thalamus is the pathwy of all sensations except:

A

olfaction

131
Q

Pathway of general
sensation in thalamus

V_________

A

Ventroposterolateral
Nucleus

132
Q

Pathway of visual
sensation (special
sensation) in thalamus

A

lateral geniculate body

133
Q

Pathway of auditory
sensation (special
sensation) in thalamus

A

medial geniculate body

134
Q

In tectum you can find the cor___________

A

(+) corpora quadrigemina

135
Q

corpora quadrigemina has 4 colliculi namely

A
  • 2 superior colliculus
  • 2 inferior colliculus
136
Q
  • 2 superior colliculus

visual reflexes or auditory reflexes?

A

visual

137
Q

2 inferior colliculus

visual reflexes or auditory reflexes?

A

auditory

138
Q

2 SP & 2 IP = origin of ___________
tract

A

tectospinal

139
Q

tectospinal tract-

Response of

A

reflex head turning

140
Q

Crus Cerebri
- pathway of ___ tract

A

corticospinal

141
Q

where is red nucleus found

A

tegmentum

142
Q

fxn of red nucleus

A

motor coordination

143
Q

lesion in red nucleus will cause

A

chorea

144
Q

Origin of rubrospinal tract

A

tegmentum

145
Q

rubrospinal tract
- Facilitates__________ and inhibits ________

A
  • Facilitates flexor muscles of
    UE and inhibits extensor
    muscles of UE
146
Q

lesion in rubrospinal tract

A

descerebrate posture

147
Q

Pons
- Fxns:

A

Responsible for consciousness
Respiratory center

148
Q
  • (+)reticular activating system (RAS)
  • Lesion:
A

coma

149
Q

Respiratory centers of Pons

P
A

A

Pneumotaxic
Apnutic

150
Q

Apneutic is located at

A

lower pons

151
Q

pneumotaxic is responsible for

A

expiration

152
Q

3 functional areas of cerebellum

A

Paleocerebellum Archicerebellum Neocerebellum

153
Q

Spinocerebellum

A

Paleocerebellum

154
Q

cerebro-cerebell
um

A

Neocerebellum

155
Q

Floculonodular
cerebellum

A

Archicerebellum

156
Q

Vestibulocerebelum

A

Archicerebellum

157
Q

area of cerebellum responsible for posture and muscle

A

Paleocerebellum

158
Q

area of cerebellum responsible for balance

A

archicerebellum

159
Q

lesion in _______ will result in nystagmus & gait prob

A

Archicerebellum

160
Q

area of cerebellum responsible for movement

A

neocerebellum

161
Q

Primary respiratory center

A

M.O

162
Q

responsible for automatic respiration

A

Medulla Oblongata

163
Q

responsible for voluntary respiration

A

cerebral motor cortex

164
Q

M.O

Dorsal respiratory group fxn:
- Ventral respiratory group fxn:

A

inspiration

both; expiration

165
Q

M.O fxns

A

Primary respiratory center
Vasomotor center
Emetic Center
sneeze, cough yawn reflexes

OT Sem 2 (9 decks)

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