CNS Flashcards
1
Q
(Forebrain) at primary brain vesicle
A
prosencephalon
2
Q
primary brain vesicle develop at ____ week
A
3rd
3
Q
primary brain vesicle develop midbrain
A
mesencephalon
4
Q
primary brain vesicle develop hindbrain
A
rhombencephalon
5
Q
Secondary
Brain
Vesicles -
Develop_______
week of
gestation
A
5th
6
Q
diencephalon is derived from
A
Prosenceph
alon
7
Q
Tectum is from
A
mesencephalon
8
Q
mesencephalon in adult structures
A
tectum and cerebral peduncle
9
Q
rhombencephalon at 5th week of gestation
A
metencephalon; myelencephalon
10
Q
telencephalon in adult structures
A
cerebrum; basal ganglia
11
Q
myelencephalon in adult structures
A
M.O
12
Q
pons and _______ are from _____
A
cerebellum; metencephalon
13
Q
cerebral peduncle divided into 2
A
crus cerebri; tegmentum
14
Q
roof of midbrain
A
tectum
15
Q
diencephalon adult structures
A
SHET
16
Q
Cavities within the brain filled with CSF
A
Ventricular System
17
Q
Major component of ventricular system
A
ventricles; CSF
18
Q
Structures involved in the cavities:
third ventricle
A
diencephalon (SHET)
19
Q
Structures involved in the cavities:
sylvian aqueduct
A
mesencephalon
20
Q
Structures involved in the cavities:
lateral ventricle
A
telencephalon
21
Q
Structures involved in the cavities:
fourth ventricle
A
rhombencephalon
22
Q
Clear, colorless fluid
A
CSF
23
Q
Chief producer of CSF:
A
Choroid plexus
24
Q
amount choroid plexus can produce
A
500 ML
25
normal amount of CSF in adult
150 mL
26
Fxns of CSF
HaNDS
■ Homeostasis (to maintain
balance)
■ Nourishes brain & spinal cord
■ Drains unwanted substances
■ Shock absorption
27
CSF Flow
Come Lets Migrate To States For Money Love Sex Ahhh
Choroid Plexus
Lateral Ventricle
Foramen Monroe
Third Ventricle
Sylvian aqueduct
Fourth ventricle
Foramen Magendie
Foramen Lushka
Subarachnoid space
Arachnoid villi
28
Subarachnoid space termination level
S2
29
location subarachnoid space
Loc: Pia mater & arachnoid mater
30
Membranous connective tissue layers that
cover brain and spinal cord
meninges
31
SCALP meaning
SCALP - skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis,
loose areolar tissue, pericranium
32
MEninges
layer before subarachnoid space
arachnoid mater
33
MEninges
layer before duramater
epidural space
34
MEninges
layer after subarachnoid space
pia mater
35
MEninges
layer before epidural space
scalp
36
MEninges
layer after subdural space
arachnoid mater
37
majority of CSF is seen here
subarachnoid space
38
Lumbar tap procedure safest vertebral level to extract
L4-L5
39
Termination of spinal cord
(adult)
L1 to L2 (L1 if one)
40
Termination of spinal cord (kids)
L2-L3 (L3)
41
Aka “Pachymeninx”
Duramater
42
Strongest layer of meninges
duramater
43
Leptomeninges
pia mater ; arachnoid mater
44
Directly attached to
brain/skull
pia mater
45
cerebrum Has 2 cerebral hemispheres - connected by
corpus callosum
46
largest commissural fiber
corpus callosum
47
cerebrum has _____ representation
C/L
48
cerebrum's Aka “dominant
hemisphere"
left hemisphere
49
cerebrum left hemisphere controls???
MALL
M - mathematical
A - analytical
L - Logic
L - language
50
cerebrum's right hemisphere controls???
MICA
M - memory (memoright) &
music
I - insight
C - creativity
A - arts
51
It increases the surface area of cerebrum
gyrus
52
Depressions/grooves in cerebrum
sulcus
deep/major: fissure
53
Separates right and Left
cerebral hemispheres
Medial Longitudinal
F.
54
Separates parietal &
occipital lobes
Parieto - occipital
Fissures
55
Separates temporal lobe
from frontal and parietal
lobes
Lateral Sylvian
Fissures
56
Separates frontal and
parietal lobes
Rolandic Fissure
“central sulcus of
Rolando”
57
Internal Surface of cerebrum
a. Cerebral Cortex
b. Cerebral Medulla
58
Aka “cerebral
gray matter”
cerebral cortex
59
Aka “ cerebral
white matter”
cerebral medulla
60
fxn of cerebral medulla
Fxns:
connection
/communication
61
fxn of cerebral cortex
Fxns: cognition
& processing
62
Brodmann’s Areas
- Has _______ areas (13-16: no representation)
47
63
broadman areas in frontal lobe
4, 6, 8, 9-12, 44&45
64
BA4: _______
primary motor area
65
BA 6: __________
BA 6: Premotor Area
66
BA 8: ___________
BA 8: Frontal eye field
67
BA 9,10,11,12: __________
BA 9,10,11,12: Prefrontal Areas
68
BA 44,45: _________
BA 44,45: Broca’s Area
69
BA 6: Premotor Area aka
Secondary motor area”/ “Motor
association area”
70
Aka “precentral gyrus”
BA 4: Primary motor area
71
Brodman's Area
Fxn: for conjugate eye movements
BA 8: Frontal eye field
72
BA
Fxns:
- Intelligence
- Personality and behavior
9-12
73
BA
AKA Motor speech area
BA 44,45: Broca’s Area
74
BA
Fxn: motor execution
BA 4: Primary motor area
75
BA
Lesion: flaccidity
BA 4: Primary motor area
76
BA
Lesion:
- Tremor
- Spasticity
- Akinesia
- Incoordination
BA 6: Premotor Area
77
BA
Lesion: frontal gaze palsy
BA 8: Frontal eye field
78
BA
Lesion:
- Mood changes
- Agitation
- Apathy
BA 9,10,11,12: Prefrontal Areas
79
BA
- (-) language fluency
- (+) comprehension
BA 44,45: Broca’s Area
80
BA PARIETAL LOBE
312, 5-7, 39, 40, 43
81
Fxns:
- Naming
- Writing
- Reading
- Right and left orientation
- Mathematical ability
BA
BA 39: ANGULAR GYRUS
82
interprets general sensations
perceived by BA 3,1,2 except for
pain and temperature
BA
BA 5,7: Secondary
sensory/somesthetic area
83
Aka “postcentral gyrus”
BA
BA 3,1,2: Primary
sensory/somesthetic area
- Aka “postcentral gyrus”
84
Lesion: anesthesia
BA
BA 3,1,2: Primary
sensory/somesthetic area
85
BA
Fxn: assist in language
comprehension together with BA 22
BA 40: Supramarginal Gyrus
86
BA
Lesion: Gerstmann Syndrome
BA 39: Angular Gyrus
87
BA
receives general sensations but
can only interpret pain and
temperature
BA 3,1,2: Primary
sensory/somesthetic area
88
Lesion: ideomotor apraxia
- Problem in language
processing
BA
BA 40: Supramarginal Gyrus
89
GENERAL SENSATIONS INTERPRETED BY BA 5;7
- Touch
- Pressure
- Proprioception
- Barognosis
- Graphesthesia
- Stereognosis
- Palestesia
- Two-point discrimination
90
BA
Lesion: Ageusia
BA 43: Primary gustatory area
91
BA IN OCCIPITAL LOBE
17, 18-19
92
BA 17: Primary visual area AKA _________
Striate cortex
93
BA17 UNILATERAL LESION
Unilateral: Homonymous
hemianopsia
94
BA
Interprets images seen/perceived by
BA 17
BA 18-19
95
LESION BA 18-19
Visual agnosia
- prosopagnosia - can’t interpret faces
- Simultanagnosia/balint's agnosia
- Can’t see the whole and can
only see part by part of the
picture
96
LOBE
Fxns:
- Hearing
- Memory specifically the medial part
of the TL (hippocampus)
- Olfaction
TEMPORAL
97
BA
Fxn: sense of hearing
BA 41, 42
98
BA LESION
Unilateral: C/L deafness
- Bilateral: total/cortical deafness
BA 41,42
99
Right BA 22 AKA
Auditory Association AREA
100
Left BA 22:
Wernicke’s Area
101
Right BA 22: Auditory Association
- Fxn:
interprets sounds except
language
102
Left BA 22: Wernicke’s Area
- Fxn:
LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION
103
Basal Ganglia
Fxns:
MODULATION; INITIATION OF MVMNT
104
Basal Ganglia
Modulation of movement
- Lesions:
- hypokinetic movement disorder (Ex:
Parkinson’s disease)
- hyperkinetic movement disorder
105
HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS:
(4)
Chorea
Dystonia
Athetosis
Hemiballismus
106
Rapid, jerky, irregular movements
CHOREA
107
Wild flailing/flinging movements
Hemiballismus
108
Worm like movements/slow
writhing movements (distal limb
affected)
ATHETOSIS
109
Sustained contraction of agonist
and antagonist
DYSTONIA
110
WHAT STURCTURE HAD LESION THAT RESULTS TO CHOREA
NEOSTRIATUM
111
WHAT STRUCTURE HAD LESION THAT RESULTS TO Hemiballismus
SUBTHALAMUS
112
WHAT STRUCTURE HAD LESION THAT RESULTS TO DYSTONIA
PUTAMEN
113
WHAT STRUCTURE HAD LESION THAT RESULTS TO ATHETOSIS
GLOBUS PALLIDUS
114
STRUCTURES OF BASAL GANGLIA
CAUDATE NUCLEUS, PUTAMEN, GLOBUS PALLIDUS
115
Caudate N + Putamen =
NEOSTRIATUM
116
PUTAMEN + Globus Pallidus
lentiform nucleus
117
BLOOD SUPPLY OF NEOSTRIATUM
LENTICULOSTRIATE (terminal branch of
MCA)
118
Globus Pallidus
- Aka
PALEOSTRIATUM
119
BLOOD SUPPLY OF PALEOSTRIATUM
recurrent artery of
huebner (terminal branch of ACA)
120
Only excitatory
projection of the basal
ganglia
Subthalamus
121
SUBTHALAMUS releases
neurotransmitter called
GLUTAMATE
122
When glutamate is
increased there is
condition we called
Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis
123
Hypothalamus FXNS
Fxns:
● Temperature regulation
of the body
● Regulates autonomic
nervous system
● Regulates pituitary
gland
● Feeding centers
● Thirst center
● Sexual desire
● Emotion
● Circadian rhythm
124
HYPOTHALAMUS Anterior Nucleus:
promotes
HEAT LOSS
125
HYPOTHALAMUS Posterior Nucleus:
promotes
heat production
126
important for
milk ejection
oxytocin
127
(+) pineal gland
epithalamus
128
releases/produces
melatonin = promotes
sleep
pineal gland
129
Sensory relay station in
the brain
thalamus
130
thalamus is the pathwy of all sensations except:
olfaction
131
Pathway of general
sensation in thalamus
V_________
Ventroposterolateral
Nucleus
132
Pathway of visual
sensation (special
sensation) in thalamus
lateral geniculate body
133
Pathway of auditory
sensation (special
sensation) in thalamus
medial geniculate body
134
In tectum you can find the cor___________
(+) corpora quadrigemina
135
corpora quadrigemina has 4 colliculi namely
- 2 superior colliculus
- 2 inferior colliculus
136
- 2 superior colliculus
visual reflexes or auditory reflexes?
visual
137
2 inferior colliculus
visual reflexes or auditory reflexes?
auditory
138
2 SP & 2 IP = origin of ___________
tract
tectospinal
139
tectospinal tract-
Response of
reflex head turning
140
Crus Cerebri
- pathway of ___ tract
corticospinal
141
where is red nucleus found
tegmentum
142
fxn of red nucleus
motor coordination
143
lesion in red nucleus will cause
chorea
144
Origin of rubrospinal tract
tegmentum
145
rubrospinal tract
- Facilitates__________ and inhibits ________
- Facilitates flexor muscles of
UE and inhibits extensor
muscles of UE
146
lesion in rubrospinal tract
descerebrate posture
147
Pons
- Fxns:
Responsible for consciousness
Respiratory center
148
- (+)reticular activating system (RAS)
- Lesion:
coma
149
Respiratory centers of Pons
P
A
Pneumotaxic
Apnutic
150
Apneutic is located at
lower pons
151
pneumotaxic is responsible for
expiration
152
3 functional areas of cerebellum
Paleocerebellum Archicerebellum Neocerebellum
153
Spinocerebellum
Paleocerebellum
154
cerebro-cerebell
um
Neocerebellum
155
Floculonodular
cerebellum
Archicerebellum
156
Vestibulocerebelum
Archicerebellum
157
area of cerebellum responsible for posture and muscle
Paleocerebellum
158
area of cerebellum responsible for balance
archicerebellum
159
lesion in _______ will result in nystagmus & gait prob
Archicerebellum
160
area of cerebellum responsible for movement
neocerebellum
161
Primary respiratory center
M.O
162
responsible for automatic respiration
Medulla Oblongata
163
responsible for voluntary respiration
cerebral motor cortex
164
M.O
Dorsal respiratory group fxn:
- Ventral respiratory group fxn:
inspiration
both; expiration
165
M.O fxns
Primary respiratory center
Vasomotor center
Emetic Center
sneeze, cough yawn reflexes
