CMB Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Transcription:

A

Transfer of DNA info to mRNA

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2
Q

Translation:

A

NT sequence of mRNA translated into amino acid sequence of a protein.

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3
Q

3 steps of transcription:

A

Initiation, elongation, and Termination

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4
Q

Initiation in Transcription:

A

RNA polymerase binds to promoter, DNA unwinds, RNA polymerase initiates RNA synthesis.

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5
Q

Elongation in transcription:

A

RNA polymerase joins RNA nucleotide to 3’ end of RNA transcript. New RNA peels away from template strand.

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6
Q

Termination in transcription:

A

RNA polymerase detaches from DNA

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7
Q

5’ __ and 3’ __

A

5’ cap, 3 poly-A tail

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8
Q

Exons:

A

sequence which will leave the nucleus as mRNA. Coding segment will be translated into amino acid sequences.

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9
Q

Introns:

A

Non-coding regions in between exons.

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10
Q

During splicing:

A

Introns are cut out and exons are ligated together to from the mature mRNA molecule.

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11
Q

Spliceosome cuts the ___ releasing intron for degradation and splices the exons together. This is catalyzed by ____.

A

pre mRNA, catalyzed by snRNA.

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12
Q

In the spliceosome, the ___ pairs with bases in the pre-mRNA intron.

A

snRNA pairs,

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13
Q

Translation: _____ attach the correct amino acid to each tRNA molecule

A

Aminoacyl tRNA synthases

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14
Q

Every RNA molecule contains a ribosomal binding site at its ___ end

A

5’

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15
Q

P site:

A

holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain

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16
Q

A site:

A

Holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added

17
Q

E site:

A

Where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome.

18
Q

3 stages of translation:

A

Initiation, elongation, termination

19
Q

Translation: initiation:

A
  1. Small ribosomal subunit binds to the initiator tRNA 2. 5’ cap of mRNA binds to small subunit. 3. Initiator scans for start codon (AUG)
20
Q

Translation: Elongation:

A

1.Anticodon of aminoacyl tRNA pairs with mRNA codon in the A site 2. rRNA catalyses the formation of a peptide bond.

21
Q

Translation: Termination

A
  1. When a stop codon reaches a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA), release factor appears. Polypeptide exits.
22
Q

Signal peptides can do what?

A

Send the polypeptide to the ER

23
Q

T/F- Many polypeptides are modified in the ER or the Golgi after they are made.

A

T

24
Q

Polyribosomes.

A

A single mRNA strand along which many ribosomes are travelling.