CMB Lecture 1 Flashcards
(36 cards)
Light Microscope
> Used to visualise whole cells and large subcellular organelles.
> Staining specimen increases visibility.
> Includes fluorescence microscope.
Electron microscope
Use electromagnets instead of light to focus a beam of electrons through the specimen(TEM) or onto its surface (SEM)
Transmission EM
Resolution of 2nm, used to study internal structure, organelles, proteins, nucleic acids. Focus a beam of electrons through the specimen.
Scanning EM
Resolution of 10nm,
Used to study cell surface and generate 3D image,
SEMs focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of specimen.
Prokaryotic cells have DNA concentrated in the:
Nucleoid, not enclosed by membrane.
Prokaryotic cells internal structure
Little or no internal structure or organelles.
Prokaryotic cell casing:
Plasma membrane enclosed cytoplasm, follows by cell wall, and the capsule (jelly like coating)
Prokaryotic cell flagella and fimbriae:
Flagella is used for locomotion and fimbriae is used for attachment to other bacteria. Flagella uses motor to rotate with rod.
Prokaryotic cells contain:
Plasma membrane. Cell wall. Ribosomes. Nucleoid. Fimbriae.
Eukaryotic cells:
Contain a nucleus.
Plant cells vs animal cell differences:
- Cellulose cell wall that protects and maintains shape vs no cellulose cell wall.
- Central vacuole for storage and breakdown of waste products vs small vacuole in animal cells.
- Chloroplasts vs no chloroplasts.
Central vacuole:
Storage and breakdown of waste products.
List every cell organelle:
- Nucleus.
- ER
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosomes
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- Cytoskeletons
- Cillia and Flagella
Organelles in the endomembrane system.
Nucleus, ER, GA, Lysosomes.
Which ER contains ribosomes?
The rough ER is studded with ribosomes
Free ribosomes are located where?
In the cytosol
Chromatin consists of ___.
DNA and histone proteins.
During metaphase, chromatin are ___ ____ with the help of ___.
Densely packed with the help of histone proteins.
Nucleolus is only visible during:
division responsible for RNA production
The ER is
An interconnecting network of membranes
When ribosomes make protein, it would either __ or __.
Secreted by cell, or used by endomembrane system.
Smooth ER does what?
Regulates and releases calcium ions and processes toxins.
Lipid are manufactured in the __
ER.
Once protein has been made, it will be transported to the ___ by the ___.
Golgi apparatus, by vesicles.