CLPS 0020- Lectures - Resources Flashcards
What do dichotic listening and the shadowing paradigm say about resources?
They’re limited; hard to identify input from unattended ear; however, since we can identify human/non voices, adult vs child, etc from the unattended ear, there must be some initial processing
What is the importance of “old blind cole” and “three king mice?”
Auditory channels crossing: will hear three blind mice and old king cole
Why is it suggested that ignoring stimuli requires an active mechanism?
It’s easier to activate overlearned/frequent stimuli, especially with priming: system is allowed to switch attention
What does the Stroop effect contribute to the discussion of resource-demand with practice?
Can be problematic if you’ve overlearned something and it becomes a habit: loss of flexibility
What are the two theories of processing for memory?
Serial and parallel
What two factors influence search task time?
Size of memory set and size of frame
Which process is automatic vs controlled, parallel or serial processing?
Parallel is automatic, serial is controlled
What is chunking?
using a single unit of info to represent a larger collection of info
What are the conditions for automatic processing perfomred in parallel?
requires lots of practice and/or easy task
How is maintenance in short term memory achieved?
rehearsal
What is the crucial link to long term memory?
STM
Is STM influenced by or immune to serial position?
influenced by
What does it mean that STM is dynamic?
that what is held there is influenced by the nature of the info unit and the contents of the store
What is the primacy effect?
in a serial position, easier to remember at the beginning
What is the recency effect?
in a serial position, easier to remember at the end
What happens to the amount that you can remember if you can’t rehearse?
decreases as a function of time
Where does the recency effect come from?
working memory is limited in size, so new info bumps the earlier info out
Where does the primacy effect come from?
percent of attentional resources given to an item decreases as items progress: keep using it up
What affects the primacy effect?
Not much, actually; contrast to how lack of rehearsal negatively affects recency effect
What affects the recency effect?
inability to rehearse
What is “release from proactive inhibition?”
if given a new category, easier to remember than the old one
What are some properties of LTM?
unlimited; what enters and durability of information stored depends on processing activities used to encode info for storage
What is episodic memory?
paritcular event/episode that happened to you perosnally; what did you eat for breakfast
What is semantic memory?
knowledge about the world stored as facts; little or no reference t perosnal experiences; what is the capital of France
What is procedural memory?
knowledge how to do things, to perform certain tasks; how do you play piano; rarely produces conscious experience of remembering
List some influenced on remembering/retrieval?
how information is encoded (level of processing); whether the material to be learned is influenced by pror knowledge; state-dependent learning; strategy used to remember
Rank the following strategies in order of most effective to least effective for remembering: sound, visual, syntax
Syntax, sound, visual
How is the number of modalities that you use to remember something related to how well you remember it?
The more modalities, the better
How well do you remember cat if the hint is dog vs hat, if learning by meaning or sound?
Will remember better by sound match if learned by sound, or semantic is learning by meaning?
What kind of match leads to the best remembering?
If the match is the same type as whatever learning strategy was used
What is the illusion of truth?
The greater hte familiarity, the greater the degree of credibility
How do inferences affect memory?
Give us expectations, which may lead to false memories: expect books to be in the office, so remember them even if they weren’t there
