CLPS 0020- Lectures - Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What do dichotic listening and the shadowing paradigm say about resources?

A

They’re limited; hard to identify input from unattended ear; however, since we can identify human/non voices, adult vs child, etc from the unattended ear, there must be some initial processing

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2
Q

What is the importance of “old blind cole” and “three king mice?”

A

Auditory channels crossing: will hear three blind mice and old king cole

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3
Q

Why is it suggested that ignoring stimuli requires an active mechanism?

A

It’s easier to activate overlearned/frequent stimuli, especially with priming: system is allowed to switch attention

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4
Q

What does the Stroop effect contribute to the discussion of resource-demand with practice?

A

Can be problematic if you’ve overlearned something and it becomes a habit: loss of flexibility

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5
Q

What are the two theories of processing for memory?

A

Serial and parallel

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6
Q

What two factors influence search task time?

A

Size of memory set and size of frame

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7
Q

Which process is automatic vs controlled, parallel or serial processing?

A

Parallel is automatic, serial is controlled

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8
Q

What is chunking?

A

using a single unit of info to represent a larger collection of info

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9
Q

What are the conditions for automatic processing perfomred in parallel?

A

requires lots of practice and/or easy task

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10
Q

How is maintenance in short term memory achieved?

A

rehearsal

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11
Q

What is the crucial link to long term memory?

A

STM

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12
Q

Is STM influenced by or immune to serial position?

A

influenced by

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13
Q

What does it mean that STM is dynamic?

A

that what is held there is influenced by the nature of the info unit and the contents of the store

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14
Q

What is the primacy effect?

A

in a serial position, easier to remember at the beginning

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15
Q

What is the recency effect?

A

in a serial position, easier to remember at the end

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16
Q

What happens to the amount that you can remember if you can’t rehearse?

A

decreases as a function of time

17
Q

Where does the recency effect come from?

A

working memory is limited in size, so new info bumps the earlier info out

18
Q

Where does the primacy effect come from?

A

percent of attentional resources given to an item decreases as items progress: keep using it up

19
Q

What affects the primacy effect?

A

Not much, actually; contrast to how lack of rehearsal negatively affects recency effect

20
Q

What affects the recency effect?

A

inability to rehearse

21
Q

What is “release from proactive inhibition?”

A

if given a new category, easier to remember than the old one

22
Q

What are some properties of LTM?

A

unlimited; what enters and durability of information stored depends on processing activities used to encode info for storage

23
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

paritcular event/episode that happened to you perosnally; what did you eat for breakfast

24
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

knowledge about the world stored as facts; little or no reference t perosnal experiences; what is the capital of France

25
What is procedural memory?
knowledge how to do things, to perform certain tasks; how do you play piano; rarely produces conscious experience of remembering
26
List some influenced on remembering/retrieval?
how information is encoded (level of processing); whether the material to be learned is influenced by pror knowledge; state-dependent learning; strategy used to remember
27
Rank the following strategies in order of most effective to least effective for remembering: sound, visual, syntax
Syntax, sound, visual
28
How is the number of modalities that you use to remember something related to how well you remember it?
The more modalities, the better
29
How well do you remember cat if the hint is dog vs hat, if learning by meaning or sound?
Will remember better by sound match if learned by sound, or semantic is learning by meaning?
30
What kind of match leads to the best remembering?
If the match is the same type as whatever learning strategy was used
31
What is the illusion of truth?
The greater hte familiarity, the greater the degree of credibility
32
How do inferences affect memory?
Give us expectations, which may lead to false memories: expect books to be in the office, so remember them even if they weren't there