CLPS 0020- Lectures - Resources

Question 1

What do dichotic listening and the shadowing paradigm say about resources?

Answer 1

They’re limited; hard to identify input from unattended ear; however, since we can identify human/non voices, adult vs child, etc from the unattended ear, there must be some initial processing

Question 2

What is the importance of “old blind cole” and “three king mice?”

Answer 2

Auditory channels crossing: will hear three blind mice and old king cole

Question 3

Why is it suggested that ignoring stimuli requires an active mechanism?

Answer 3

It’s easier to activate overlearned/frequent stimuli, especially with priming: system is allowed to switch attention

Question 4

What does the Stroop effect contribute to the discussion of resource-demand with practice?

Answer 4

Can be problematic if you’ve overlearned something and it becomes a habit: loss of flexibility

Question 5

What are the two theories of processing for memory?

Answer 5

Serial and parallel

Question 6

What two factors influence search task time?

Answer 6

Size of memory set and size of frame

Question 7

Which process is automatic vs controlled, parallel or serial processing?

Answer 7

Parallel is automatic, serial is controlled

Question 8

What is chunking?

Answer 8

using a single unit of info to represent a larger collection of info

Question 9

What are the conditions for automatic processing perfomred in parallel?

Answer 9

requires lots of practice and/or easy task

Question 10

How is maintenance in short term memory achieved?

Answer 10

rehearsal

Question 11

What is the crucial link to long term memory?

Answer 11

STM

Question 12

Is STM influenced by or immune to serial position?

Answer 12

influenced by

Question 13

What does it mean that STM is dynamic?

Answer 13

that what is held there is influenced by the nature of the info unit and the contents of the store

Question 14

What is the primacy effect?

Answer 14

in a serial position, easier to remember at the beginning

Question 15

What is the recency effect?

Answer 15

in a serial position, easier to remember at the end

Question 16

What happens to the amount that you can remember if you can’t rehearse?

Answer 16

decreases as a function of time

Question 17

Where does the recency effect come from?

Answer 17

working memory is limited in size, so new info bumps the earlier info out

Question 18

Where does the primacy effect come from?

Answer 18

percent of attentional resources given to an item decreases as items progress: keep using it up

Question 19

What affects the primacy effect?

Answer 19

Not much, actually; contrast to how lack of rehearsal negatively affects recency effect

Question 20

What affects the recency effect?

Answer 20

inability to rehearse

Question 21

What is “release from proactive inhibition?”

Answer 21

if given a new category, easier to remember than the old one

Question 22

What are some properties of LTM?

Answer 22

unlimited; what enters and durability of information stored depends on processing activities used to encode info for storage

Question 23

What is episodic memory?

Answer 23

paritcular event/episode that happened to you perosnally; what did you eat for breakfast

Question 24

What is semantic memory?

Answer 24

knowledge about the world stored as facts; little or no reference t perosnal experiences; what is the capital of France

Question 25

What is procedural memory?

Answer 25

knowledge how to do things, to perform certain tasks; how do you play piano; rarely produces conscious experience of remembering

Question 26

List some influenced on remembering/retrieval?

Answer 26

how information is encoded (level of processing); whether the material to be learned is influenced by pror knowledge; state-dependent learning; strategy used to remember

Question 27

Rank the following strategies in order of most effective to least effective for remembering: sound, visual, syntax

Answer 27

Syntax, sound, visual

Question 28

How is the number of modalities that you use to remember something related to how well you remember it?

Answer 28

The more modalities, the better

Question 29

How well do you remember cat if the hint is dog vs hat, if learning by meaning or sound?

Answer 29

Will remember better by sound match if learned by sound, or semantic is learning by meaning?

Question 30

What kind of match leads to the best remembering?

Answer 30

If the match is the same type as whatever learning strategy was used

Question 31

What is the illusion of truth?

Answer 31

The greater hte familiarity, the greater the degree of credibility

Question 32

How do inferences affect memory?

Answer 32

Give us expectations, which may lead to false memories: expect books to be in the office, so remember them even if they weren’t there