CLPS 0020- Lectures - Introduction

Question 1

Skinner’s contribution to early cog sci

Answer 1

behaviorism: positive/negative reinforcement: shapes responses

Question 2

pioneer of behaviorism

Answer 2

Skinner

Question 3

Why did Chomsky have a problem with Skinner’s theory of behaviorism?

Answer 3

Said there was a language “organ” in teh brain with mental representations: principle of langauge is inborn

Question 4

Who developed the Computational Theory of Mind?

Answer 4

Marr

Question 5

What doees DeLoache argue about symbols?

Answer 5

Innate

Question 6

List some benefits of representations in the mind through symbols.

Answer 6

more efficient, shortcuts, easier to retrieve, can transmit knowledge without direct experience, can have common symbols for various objects

Question 7

What is the cog sci computational theory?

Answer 7

computations are mental processes that map one representation or set of representations onto another

Question 8

What are representations adn algorithms?

Answer 8

mental entity that represents or symbolizes physical world

Question 9

What are some features of intelligence?

Answer 9

rational decisions, goals, adapting to achieve the goals

Question 10

1 3 5 7 9 11 vs 1 3 5 7 mine 11

Answer 10

indicates that sensory info isn’t the sole determinant of perception: top down info: higher order process rather than bottom-up/sensory-based

Question 11

Cognitive architecture

Answer 11

a set of functional components which support all aspects of cognition

Question 12

List the six characteristics of modules

Answer 12

domain specific, functionally autonomous, informationally encapsulated, automatic, innately specified, fixed neural architecture

Question 13

Domain specific

Answer 13

objects, faces, languages, etc.

Question 14

functionally autonomous

Answer 14

own vocabulary, don’t compete for resources: can talk and play piano, but harder to play piano while listening to other music

Question 15

informationally encapsulated

Answer 15

processing internal to module: only interact with each other at output

Question 16

automatic (referring to modules)

Answer 16

operates without volition, no choices: ex: “bug” recalls various meanings

Question 17

innately specified

Answer 17

genetically determined

Question 18

fixed neural architecture

Answer 18

specialized neural structures

Question 19

What is the difference in the viewpoints of Kant vs Locke?

Answer 19

Kane: nature (born with built-in templates of knowledge), vs Locke: nurture (tabula rasa: blank slate)

Question 20

dualism

Answer 20

mind/body discussion: material/metaphysical

Question 21

What did Gall argue about the nature of mental processes?

Answer 21

all mental processes are biological and arise from the brain: cerebral cortex with distinct regions that govern mental functions

Question 22

What does the Whorfian Hypothesis claim?

Answer 22

one’s language determines one’s conception of the world

Question 23

What happened in the wug study?

Answer 23

children are able to pluralize “wug” to “wugs” based on pre-learned rules: rules out the hypothesis that we can only say words we’ve already learned

Question 24

Is the Stroop test consistent with the theory of modularity?

Answer 24

consistent: name a language or name a color: competing systems, can’t disinhibit, so there’s a struggle for resources

Question 25

What does the upside down house test say about the modularity of faces and houses?

Answer 25

Probably different modules, since we process upside down houses differently than we process upside down faces: suggests separate face module (very probable)