CLPS 0020- Lectures - Language Flashcards
What is the difference in language acquisition in rich vs sparse environments?
Everyone still acquires language!
Is there a critical period for language learning?
Yup.
What constitutes a grammar?
sound structure, lexical structure, syntax, and meaning
What are structures, in language?
systematic pattersn used by the language
What is the phonemic restoration effect?
filling in sounds when they’re obstructed by other sounds
What is the verbal transformation effect?
when what you’re hearing can be heard another way based on context: “farewellfarewellfarewell”
Why do words sound funny with repetition?
neurons are satiated, no recovery period, so lose meaning for a while
What effect: filling in missing information based on our expectations
phonemic restoration effect
What effect: same acoustic input gives rise to different linguistic percept
verbal transformation effect
What do slips of the tongue suggest about language cognition?
Helps us identify what the features of language are
What happens when grammatical particles move, order-wise?
They stay in the same relative position, so for example prefixes will always come before the word
Are words and syntactic roles processed separately or together?
Separately: I can’t stand him vs He can’t stand me
Which comes first, movement of the item or correct sound structure?
Movement of the item
What is phonology?
the study of the sound structure of language
Is there a finite inventory or sounds?
Yes
what is a phoneme?
the minimum unit of sound-meaning contrast: the smallest sound unit that can distinguish meaning: NOT spelling
Give an example of an illusory conjunction in language.
“bana” turns into “mada” because switching from stop-labial and nasal-alveolar to nasal-labial and stop-alveolar
Are the spaces in between words also apparent in the sound stream?
Nope: there is an overlap in production between neighboring sounds
When a sound change occurs in a langauge, does it occur only for the word, or for the words in the lexicon of the language?
Words in the lexicon: octo nocte vs ocho noche
Does the object constancy problem exist in phonology?
YES: different vocal tracts, accents, dynamics, etc.
What is the lexical effect?
preference to percieve words
What effect: preference to perceive words
lexical effect
Give some examples of top-down processing in language cognition.
Lexical effect; sentence meaning (goat vs coat)
What are morphemes?
the smallist unit for form (sounds) that have meaning: NOT words
Give some examples of morphemes
farm, er, s, etc.
What are the two ways that multiple meanings may be distinguished?
serially and parallelly….. lol.
What is serial processing of multiple meanings?
one meaning is accessed at a time and we start with the preferred meaning and adjust accordingly
What is parallel processing of multiple meanings?
both meanings are activated automatically and context allows the system to select the appropriate meaning
