cloning Flashcards
what is plant cloning by vegetative propagation?
The artifical production of natural clones, for use in horiculture and agriculture.
why can plants more readily asexually reproduce than animals
many parts of the plant, contain cells, that retain the ability to divide and differentiate into a range of types of cells.
where do you cut? (for cutting)
- cut stem, between two nodes
what do you do with cutting?
place in moist soil
name one species that will root easily
blackberry.
what do you do if it does not root easily?
dye in rooting hormone
where else can you take cutting from?
root, scion, leaf
what are the drawbacks of cutting?
time consuming take up space into all plants respond well to it only a certain number of cutting, can made per plants.
give 5 advantages, to artificial, cloning
- plants, can be produced at any time of year.
- using meristem tissues, means it is virus free.
- species, that are hard to grow, in other ways, can be propagated.
- large numbers, of genetically identical plants, can be produced rapidly
- genetic modifications, can be made in small numbers of plants, which then give of plans carrying the desired change
give 5 disadvantages, to artificial cloning
- vulnerable to disease.
- risk of microbial contamination.
- labour intensive, and requires skilled workers.
- vulnerable, to changes in environmental conditions (drought, global warming)
what is a clone?
genetically identical copies. This term, can be applied to cells or to whole organisms.
give 3 examples, of natural clones
- pathogenesis
- budding
- identical twins
explain how budding occurs.
- cells, split off the parent organism, generating a smaller daughter organism, which eventually separates from the parent.
why do we clone?
in order to produce, an identical copy of an organism with specific, desired characteristics.
what are the two types of reproductive cloning
- embryo splitting
- somatic cell nuclear transfer
