biodiversity

Question 1

what is a habitat

Answer 1

a place where individual organisms live and it will have a specific location and conditions

Question 2

what is a species

Answer 2

biologically, a species is a set of organisms that can be interbreed and which can produce fertile offspring

Question 3

what is biodiversity

Answer 3

a measure of structure and functional location found in the living world and including the variety of species, habitat alleles.

Question 4

what is an ecosystem

Answer 4

a biological unit, that takes into a account the biotic and abiotic conditions

Question 5

what is an ecosystem

Answer 5

a biological unit, that takes into a account the biotic and abiotic conditions

Question 6

what is habitat diversity

Answer 6

variety of habitats within a defined area

Question 7

what is species diversity

Answer 7

variety and abundance of species ( species richness/ species evenness)

Question 8

what is genetic diversity

Answer 8

the variety of different alleles, presented within each species of a defined area

Question 9

what is species evenness

Answer 9

a measure of the relative abundance of each species with a defined area.

Question 10

what is species richness

Answer 10

the number of species, present within a defined area.

Question 11

what is a better indicator of biodiversity
species richness or species evenness

Answer 11

species evenness

Question 12

what factors, may affect biodiversity (state 4)

Answer 12

• Habitat destruction
• Monoculture
• pollution from agrochemicals
• global climate change

Question 13

why is a measure of just species richness, an insufficient measure of biodiversity

Answer 13

due to it not showing us the true spread of diversity as it may mean that there is 90% gold fish and 10% is 90 other species.

Question 14

what is genetic diversity

Answer 14

variation of alleles within a species or population

Question 15

what is polymorphism

Answer 15

the presence of two or more variant forms of a specific DNA sequence that can occur among different individuals or populations.

Question 16

what are mutations and do they increase of decrease genetic diversity

Answer 16

changes in the sequences of DNA of bases in DNA ( increase)

Question 17

what are gene flows and do they increase of decrease genetic diversity

Answer 17

alleles transferred between 2 populations (increase)

Question 18

what is selective breeding and does it increase of decrease genetic diversity

Answer 18

organisms, picked with best traits, and bred together (decrease)

Question 19

what is captive breeding and does it increase or decrease genetic diversity

Answer 19

small number of organism in zoos bred together (decrease)

Question 20

what is artificial cloning and does it increase or decrease genetic diversity

Answer 20

asexual reproduction, genetically identical organism created (decrease)

Question 21

what is natural selection and does it increase or decrease genetic diversity

Answer 21

less advantageous alleles are lost from populations due to survival of the fittest (decrease)

Question 22

what is genetic bottlenecks and does it increase or decrease genetic diversity

Answer 22

disease, habitat destruction, migration, reduced population size, reducing gene pool (decrease)

Question 23

what is the founder effect and does it increase or decrease genetic diversity

Answer 23

occurs when a small number of individuals moves away from the main population, populate a new area, and found a new population. (decrease)

Question 24

what is genetic drift and does it increase or decrease genetic diversity

Answer 24

due to random nature of alleles being passed on the frequency of an allele will vary and sometimes disappear. (decrease)

Question 25

what is sampling

Answer 25

to find out the biodiversity of an area, we need to find out the number of species and the number of individuals in each species, problem - areas are normally to large to count and identify everything, solution - take a sample of the population

Question 26

what do we need to consider when sampling

Answer 26

ensure, the date is unbiased and representative of the whole location.

Question 27

what should I do with the data that I have sampled

Answer 27

• repeat the process
• calculate a mean
• multiply up to cover the whole habitat

Question 28

what is species frequency

Answer 28

how often, a species is present in a sample area, out of a total number of samples ( e.g. quadrats) can be a number, percentage or fraction

Question 29

what is species density

Answer 29

the number of individuals of one species per unit area

Question 30

what is percentage cover

Answer 30

the percentage of the quadrat which is occupied by one species

Question 31

what is marked recapture

Answer 31

used, to estimate population sizes of mobile organisms. The organisms, are caught and marked then released, after a period to time, organism are caught again. marked individuals and non - marked individuals are noted.

Question 32

what do we need to consider when marking animals ( 3 things)

Answer 32

• that the mark remains on the animal
• make sure it is environmentally friendly and non - toxic to the animal
• make sure it doesn’t negatively effect its survival in the wild.

Question 33

what are the 3 types of non - random data sampling

Answer 33

• systematic - samples taken at fixed intervals across the habitat
• stratified- divide the habitat into areas which look different and take a sample in each.
• opportunistic - samples chosen by the investigator

Question 34

what is ex situ conservation

Answer 34

conserving species, through activities which take place outside, their normal habitat.

Question 35

what is in situ conservation

Answer 35

species are conserved within their natural habitat, maintaining biodiversity.

Question 36

what is conservation

Answer 36

maintaining biodiversity and sustainability

Question 37

what is preservation

Answer 37

the maintenance of habitats and ecosystems in their present condition, minimising human impact.

Question 38

give 3 examples of in situ conservation

Answer 38

• genetic reserve
• on farm
• home garden conservation

Question 39

give 2 examples, of ex situ conservation

Answer 39

• zoos
• seed banks

Question 40

what are the 3 main ways, that genetic diversity can be calculated

Answer 40

• the number of alleles per gene
• heterozygosity - the proportion of individuals in a population that have two different alleles, for a particular gene
• the proportion of genes, for which more than one allele exists.

Question 41

what are the 3 main ways, that genetic diversity can be calculated

Answer 41

• the number of alleles per gene
• heterozygosity - the proportion of individuals in a population that have two different alleles, for a particular gene
• the proportion of genes, for which more than one allele exists.

Question 42

what is the modern role of zoos

Answer 42

• to educate
• and generate income that could be used for in situ conservation

Question 43

state 4 possible reasons, as to why ex situ conservation of plants, is easier than that of animals

Answer 43

• seed can be made in large numbers
• can be collected easily and reproduced asexually
• no ethical concerns
• able to keep in a smaller area than that of animals

Question 44

state 4 possible reasons, as to why ex situ conservation of plants, is harder than that of animals

Answer 44

• low genetic diversity
• plants vary more genetically
• need to collect plants, from more than one area
• seed may become non - viable during storage

Question 45

what is a keystone species

Answer 45

A keystone species is an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem. Without its keystone species, the ecosystem would be dramatically different or cease to exist altogether. Keystone species have low functional redundancy.