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MRCP > Clinical sciences > Flashcards

Clinical sciences Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenaline

Acts on what kind of receptors?

A

G protein-coupled receptors

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2
Q

Insulin

Acts on what kind of receptors?

A

Tyrosine kinase receptors

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3
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide

?receptor

A

Guanylate cyclase receptors

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4
Q

Chi-squared

A

Expected vs observed results
Uses categorical variables e.g. eye colour - brown, blue, green

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5
Q

Mann–Whitney U test

A

Non-parametric test
differences between two independent groups when the dependent variable is either ordinal or continuous
e.g. ‘attitudes towards pay discrimination’ and independent variables = ‘men’ and ‘women’

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6
Q

Wilcoxon signed rank test

A

nonparametric test
used to compare two sets of scores that come from the same participants
to investigate any change in scores from one time point to another, or when individuals are subjected to more than one condition

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7
Q

What cellular component contains double-stranded circular DNA?

A

Mitochondrion

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8
Q

Normally distributed population
Standard deviation numbers

A

68.3% of values lie within 1 SD of the mean
95.4% of values lie within 2 SD of the mean
99.7% of values lie within 3 SD of the mean

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9
Q

Taller than average
lack secondary sexual characteristics
small, firm testes
infertile gynaecomastia

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome
karyotype 47, XXY.

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10
Q

Cohort study - usual outcome study

A

Relative risk

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11
Q

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis
Acute anterior uveitis

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12
Q

HLA-A3

A

Haemachromatosis

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13
Q

HLA-B51

A

Behcet’s disease

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14
Q

HLA-DR2

A

Narcolepsy
Goodpastures

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15
Q

HLA-DQ2/DQ8

A

Coeliac disease

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16
Q

CA19-9

Tumour marker for…

A

Pancreatic cancer

17
Q

CA15-3

Tumour marker for…

A

Breast cancer

18
Q

HLA encoded on which chromosome?

A

Chromosome 6

19
Q

Peroxisome

Job

A

Catabolism of long chain fatty acids

20
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Job

A

Translation and folding of new proteins

21
Q

Nucleus

Job

A

Contains DNA, transcription of RNA takes place here

22
Q

Proteases

Job

A

Responsible for breakdown of proteins tagged by ubiquitin

23
Q

Lysosomes

Job

A

Catabolism of polysaccharides and proteins

24
Q

HLA-DR3

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis
Sjogrens
Primary biliary cirrhosis

25
Q

Genetic abnormality in down syndrome

A

Nondisjunction

26
Q

Short stature
High arched palate
Primary amenorrhoea

A

Turner’s syndrome

27
Q

Causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

MUDPILES
Methanol
Uraemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Paracetamol, propylene glycol
Infection, iron, isoniazid, inborn errors of metabolism
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Salicylate

28
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

who is affected

A

Inheritance via maternal line
Affected fathers cannot pass on to children
Affected mothers pass on to all children
poor genotype:phenotype correlation

29
Q

Genetics:
Expressivity

A

Extent to which a phenotype shows it’s genotypic expression in an individual

30
Q

Genetics:
Penetrance

A

Genotypic expression in a whole population

31
Q

What molecule does Golgi apparatus add to enzyme to tag it for transport to lysosome

A

Mannose 6-phosphate

32
Q

Most suitable plot to show publication bias in a meta-analysis?

A

Funnel plot

33
Q
  • First immunoglobulins to be secreted in response to an infection
  • Fixes complement but does not pass to the fetal circulation
A

IgM

34
Q
  • Enhance phagocytosis of bacteria and viruses
  • Fixes complement and passes to the fetal circulation
  • Most abundant isotype in blood serum
A

IgG

35
Q

Immunoglobulin involved in activation of B cells

A

IgD

MRCP (19 decks)

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