clinical psych 2

Question 1

positive symptoms

Answer 1

excesses and distortions, incl hallucinations and delusions

Question 2

delusions

Answer 2

beliefs contrary to reality and firmly held in spite of disconfirming evidence

Question 3

thought insertion

Answer 3

a person may believe that thoughts are not his or her ow have been placed in his or her mind by an external source

Question 4

thought broadcasting

Answer 4

a person may believe that his or her thoughts are broadcast or transmitted, so that others know what he or she is thinking

Question 5

grandiose delusions

Answer 5

an eaggerated sense of his or her own importance power knowledge or identity,

Question 6

ideas of reference

Answer 6

incorporating unimportant events within a delusioonal framework and reading personal significance into the trivial activities of others.

Question 7

hallucinations

Answer 7

sensory experiences in the absence of any relevant stimulation from the environment

Question 8

avolition

Answer 8

lack of motivation and a seeming absence of interest in or an inability to persist in what are usually routine activities, work or school or hobbies

Question 9

anhedonia

Answer 9

a loss of interest in or a reported lessening of the experience of pleasure

Question 10

consummatory pleasure

Answer 10

refers to the amount of pleasure experienced in the moment or in the presence of osmething pleasurable

Question 11

anticipatory pleasure

Answer 11

amount of expected or anticipated plleasure from future ecents or activities

Question 12

blunted affect

Answer 12

lack of outward expression of emotion

Question 13

alogia

Answer 13

significant reduction in the amount of speech

Question 14

sociogenic hypothesis

Answer 14

stress associated with poverty such as low education, limited opportunities, and stigma from others of high status contributes to development of schizoprenia?

Question 15

social selection hypothesis

Answer 15

during the course of their deeloping illness, people with schizo drift into poor neighborhoods because their illess impairs their earning power and they cannot afford to live elsewhere

Question 16

clinical high-risk study

Answer 16

a design that idetifies people with early attenuated signs of schizophrenia, most often mildre forms of hallucinations delusions or disorganization that nonetheless cause impairment

Question 17

cognitive remediation training/cognitive enhancement therapy

Answer 17

treatments that seek to enhance basic cognitive functions such as verbal learning ability

Question 18

delirium tremens

Answer 18

person becomes delirious as well as tremulous and has hallucinations that are primarily visal but may be tactile as well

Question 19

cross-dependent

Answer 19

synthetic narcotics acting on the same central nervous system receptors, substitute for the original

Question 20

statistical significance

Answer 20

whether something has occurred by chance

Question 21

clinical significance

Answer 21

whether a relationship between variables is large enough to matter

Question 22

cross-sectional design

Answer 22

causes and effects are measured at the same point in time

Question 23

high-risk method

Answer 23

only people with above average risk would be studied

Question 24

epidemiology

Answer 24

the study of the distribution of disorders in a population

Question 25

family method

Answer 25

to study a genetic predisposition among members of a family because the average number of genes shared by two blood relatives is known

Question 26

index cases/probands

Answer 26

the collection of a sample of persons with the diagnosis in question

Question 27

association study

Answer 27

examines the relationship between specific allele and a trait or behaviour in the population

Question 28

dissemination

Answer 28

process of facilitating adoption of efficacious treatments in the community, most typically by offering clinicians guidelines about the best available treatments along with training on how to conduct those treatments

Question 29

analogue experiment

Answer 29

investigators attempt to create or observe a related phenomenon in the laboratory to allow more intensive study.

Question 30

male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Answer 30

deficient or absent sexual fantasies and urges

Question 31

spectator role

Answer 31

being an observer rather than a participant in a sexual experience

Question 32

paraphilic disorders

Answer 32

sexual attraction to unusual objects or sexual activities lasting at least 6 months

Question 33

voyeuristic disorder

Answer 33

an intense and recurrent desire to obtain sexual gratification by watching unexpecting others in a state of undress or having sexual relations

Question 34

exhibitionistic disorder

Answer 34

exposing one’s genitals to an unwilling stranger, sometimes a child

Question 35

frotteuristic disorder

Answer 35

touching an unsuspecting person

Question 36

sexual sadism disorder

Answer 36

inlflicting pain or psych suffering such as humiliation on another

Question 37

sexual masochism disorder

Answer 37

being subjected to pain or humiliation.

Question 38

dialectics behaviour therapy

Answer 38

combines client centred empathy and acceptance with cognitive behavioural problem solving, emotion regulation techniques and social skills training

Question 39

externalizing disorders

Answer 39

outwardd directed behaviours such as aggressiveness noncompliance overactivity and impulsiveness

Question 40

internalising disorders

Answer 40

inward focused experiences and behaviours

Question 41

multi systemic treatment

Answer 41

involves delivering intensive and comprehensive therapy services in the community, targeting the adolescent, the family the school and in some cases the peer group.

Question 42

joint attention

Answer 42

interactions that require two people to pay attention to each other, whether speaking or communicating emotion nonverbally, are impaired in children with autism

Question 43

pronoun reversal

Answer 43

in people with autism, children refer to themselves as ‘he’ or she or you or even their own name

Question 44

utilitarianism

Answer 44

doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.

Question 45

categorical imperative

Answer 45

an unconditional moral obligation which is binding in all circumstances and is not dependent on a person’s inclination or purpose.

Question 46

consequentialism

Answer 46

the doctrine that the morality of an action is to be judged solely by its consequences.

Question 47

deontologism

Answer 47

is the normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules, rather than based on the consequences of the action.

Question 48

social selectivity

Answer 48

interest shift away from seeing hew social interactions to cultivating a few social relationships that really matter to us