CLINICAL CHEM Flashcards
- Which of the following refers to the correctness of a measurement or closeness with which the measurement comes to the true value?
a. Precision
b. Sensitivity
c. Accuracy
d. Specificity
e. Reliability
c. Accuracy
- Which of the following refers to the ability of an analytical procedure to
measure small amount of a component?
a. Accuracy
b. Sensitivity
c. Reliability
d. Precision
e. reliability
b. Sensitivity
- Which of the following refers to an abrupt change which may be observed
when there is sudden development of certain analytical problem?
a. Dispersion
b. Trend
c. Shift
d. Random error
e. Systematic error
e. Systematic error
- The best method in determining the presence of drugs in serum and urine is
a. Gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
b. Atomic absorption-spectrophotometry
c. High pressure liquid chromatography
d. Thin layer chromatography
a. Gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
- The advantages of ezymatic methods over chemical methods in serum
cholesterol determination are true except
a. There is less interference by non-sterol substance
b. It consumes microliter by quantities of sample
c. It is rapid and precise
d. A and B only
e. None of the above
d. A and B only
- Which of the following methods are used for lipoprotein estimation?
a. Ultracentrifugation
b. Electrophoresis
c. Polyanion precipitation method
d. A and B only
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
- The following statements about lithium are true except
a. It is present in normal tissues in trace amount
b. It is excreted entirely by urine
c. It is preferred treatment for bipolar disorder particularly manic phase
d. Its serum concentration can be determined by flame photometry
b. It is excreted entirely by urine
- Which of the following is considered as “good” cholesterol?
a. LDL
b. HDL
c. VLDL
d. Chylomicrons
e. sphingolipids
b. HDL
- Which of the following is the method of choice for serum calcium determination?
a. Spectrophotometry
b. Flame photometry
c. Flurometry
d. Atomic absorption
e. Clark & Collip technique
d. Atomic absorption
- Which of the following is use to determine the state of glycemia in diabetic patients over the preceding 8-12 weeks?
a. Fasting plasma glucose
b. Random blood sugar
c. Glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)
d. Serum fructosamine
e. None of the above
c. Glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)
- Which of the following plasma proteins binds to hemoglobin?
a. Haptoglobin
b. Albumin
c. C3
d. Fibrinogen
e. Antitrypsin
a. Haptoglobin
- Which of the following isoenzymes of creatinine kinase is more specific in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction?
a. CK1 or BB
b. CK2 or MB
c. CK3 or MM
d. A & B
e. B & C
b. CK2 or MB
- An increased incidence of urinary cast formation is associated with
a. Acidic urine
b. Concentrated urine
c. Proteinuria
d. All of the above
e. A and B only
d. All of the above
- Which of the following condition can result in elevated CSF protein?
a. Traumatic tap
b. Blood brain barrier damage
c. Neural tissue degeneration
d. All of the above
e. A and B only
d. All of the above
- The main function of the glomerulus is the conservation of
a. Blood cells
b. Most proteins
c. Electrolytes
d. A and B only
e. B and C only
d. A and B only
- The standard laboratory test used to detect early stages of renal failure measures.
a. Creatinine clearance
b. Creatinine
c. Blood urea nitrogen
d. Serum uric acid
e. Fixed urine osmolarity
a. Creatinine clearance
- ACTH is correctly describes as
a. Produced in the adrenal cortex
b. Inhibited by catecholamines
c. Stimulating production of cortisol by adrenal cortex
d. Not showing diurnal variation as does cortisol
e. stimulated by dexamethasone
c. Stimulating production of cortisol by adrenal cortex
- An increase in plasma unconjuagated bilirubin may be casused by?
a. Increased hemolysis
b. Certain drugs
c. Generic errors
d. All of the above
e. A and B only
d. All of the above
- A 70 year old woman who presents with hematuria, casts, azotemia, and isothenuria suggest a diagnosis of
a. Nephrotic syndrome
b. Pyenlonephritis
c. Acute renal failure
d. Polycystic kidney
e. Renal cell carcinoma
a. Nephrotic syndrome
- The therapeutic range of drugs in plasma is
a. The range of concentration within which the drug is effective yet not toxic
b. Dependent on an assessment of clinical response
c. Independent of the presence of other disease
d. A and B only
e. B and C only
d. A and B only
- Ceruloplasmin is a plasma protein that binds
a. Chromium
b. Copper
c. Zinc
d. Lead
e. iron
b. Copper
- The primary storage form of iron is
a. Apotransferrin
b. Transferrin
c. Ferritin
d. Hemosiderin
e. myoglobin
c. Ferritin
- Which of the following is normally present in serum but must be chemically removed so that it will not interfere with measurement of serum magnesium?
a. Calcium
b. Chloride
c. Iron
d. Potassium
e. sodium
a. Calcium
- The presence of slightly visible hemolysis can significantly increase the
serum level of
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Bicarbonate
e. calcium
b. Potassium
- An increased percent saturation of transferrin is expected in
a. Hemochromatosis
b. Iron deficiency
c. Myocardial infarction
d. Chronic infection
e. Malignancy
a. Hemochromatosis
- The following statements about the first order kinetic is are true?
a. It describes absorption distribution and elimination of drugs
b. The rate of change of concentration of a drug is dependent on the drug
concentration
c. It is represented by the first phase of dose response curve
d. All of the above
e. A and B only
d. All of the above
- An elevated serum CK-MM fraction was determined in conjunction with a greatly elevated CK-MB fraction. This pattern is typical of which one of the following disorders?
a. Brain trauma
b. Hypothyroidism
c. Stroke
d. Acute myocardial infarction
e. Muscular dystrophy
d. Acute myocardial infarction
- The following are advantages in using laboratory automation and computer
systems except?
a. Minimized variability
b. Reduced sample volume
c. Reduced consumable costs
d. Increased work capacity per unit of time
e. Technical skill required
e. Technical skill required
- Which of the following measures the light emitted by a substance that has
been previously excited by a source of UV light?
a. Turbidimetry
b. Nephelometry
c. Fluorometry
d. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
e. electrochemistry
c. Fluorometry
- The following are methods of glucose determination except
a. O-toluidine
b. Hexokinase
c. Glucose oxidase
d. Glycosylated Hgb
e. Mancini technique
e. Mancini technique
- In acute pancreatitis, the serum enzyme whose significant increase is
diagnostically useful is
a. Creatine kinase
b. Amylase
c. aldolase
d. Acid phosphatase
e. Aspartate transaminase
b. Amylase
- Which of the following factors may affect the accurate quantitation of bilirubin in
serum?
a. Lipemia
b. Hemolysis
c. Exposure to light
d. High temperature
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
- Kernicterus is the abnormal accumulation of bilirubin in?
a. Heart tissue
b. Brain tissue
c. Liver tissue
d. Kidney tissue
e. Blood
b. Brain tissue
- The Jaffe reaction is the basis for most commonly performed methods for
quantitation of?
a. Urea
b. Uric acid
c. Ammonia
d. Creatinine
e. protein
d. Creatinine
- In cases of hepatoma, protein that is not normally found in adult serum bit is
synthesizes by the liver cells is
a. Alpha acid glycoprotein
b. Alpha fetoprotein
c. Alpha macroglobulin
d. Carcinoembryonic antigen
e. hemopexin
b. Alpha fetoprotein
- The lecithin/Spingomyelin (LS ratio ) is a determination that is used to assess?
a. Hyperlipidemia
b. Coronary artery disease
c. Hypholipidemia
d. Fetal lung maturity
e. arteriosclerosis
d. Fetal lung maturity
- Exogenous triglycerides are transported in plasma in what form?
a. Phospholipid
b. Cholesteryl esters
c. Chylomicrons
d. Free fatty acid
e. Alpha-lipoprotein
c. Chylomicrons
- The turbid or milky appearance of serum after fat ingestion is due to
a. Fatty acids
b. Cholesterol
c. Lipoproteins
d. Chlylomicrons
e. Phospholipids
d. Chlylomicrons
- In serum electrophorosis using agarose gel at pH 8.6, the following that migrates farthest toward anode is
a. alpha-1-globulin
b. Alpha-2-globulin
c. Gamma globulin
d. Beta globulin
e. albumin
e. albumin
- The test commonly used as reliable index of intestinal carbohydrate absorption is
a. Glucose fasting
b. D-xylose
c. Insulin
d. Glucose tolerance test
e. maltose
b. D-xylose
- In regard to spectrophotometry, Beer’s law state that
a. Frequency of a wave is inversely proportional to wavelenght
b. Every solution has the ability to absorb and transmit light
c. The concentration of a substance in solution is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed by that substance
d. Light scattered by small particles in solution us of same frequency as the incident
light
e. None of the above
c. The concentration of a substance in solution is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed by that substance
- The method used for determination of pesticide poisoning is?
a. Examination of pseudocholinesterase
b. Examination of amylase
c. Examination of atropine sulfate
d. Examination of hemoglobin
a. Examination of pseudocholinesterase
- Factors that influence enzymatic reactions include
a. Enzyme concentraion
b. pH
c. Temperature
d. Substrate concentration
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
- Significant amount of acid phosphatase is found in
a. Rbc
b. Platelets
c. Prostate
d. Semen
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
- Which of the following is used for screening and monitoring patients with
prostatic carcinoma
a. Carcinoembryonic antigen
b. Alha fetoprotein
c. CA-125
d. CA-19
e. PSA
e. PSA
- LDL cholesterol analysis can be determined by
a. Ultracentrifugation
b. Immunoseparation using antigen-antibody reaction
c. Calculation from total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides
d. All of the above
e. A and B only
c. Calculation from total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides
- In hyperthyroidism, the following hormone are increased except
a. T3
b. T4
c. TSH
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
c. TSH
- The normal BUN: Creatinine ratio is
a. 10:1
b. 30:1
c. 40:1
d. 50:1
e. 60:1
a. 10:1
- The major intracellular cation is
a. Potassium
b. Sodium
c. Chloride
d. Bicarbonate
e. phosphate
a. Potassium
- The most widely used method of protein determination is
a. Dye binding method
b. UV absorption
c. Biuret method
d. Kjedahl’s method
e. refractometry
c. Biuret method
P1. Which of the following refers to the correctness of a measurement or closeness with
which the measurement comes to the true value?
a. Precision
b. Sensitivity
c. Accuracy
d. Specificity
e. Reliability
c. Accuracy
P2. Which of the following refers to the ability of an analytical procedure to measure small amount of a component?
A. Accuracy
B. Sensitivity
C. Reliability
D. Precision
E. Specificity
B. Sensitivity
P3. The best method in determining the presence of drugs in serum and urine is
A. Gas-chromatography-mass B. Spectrophotometry (GC-MS)
C. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
D. High pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC)
E. Thin layer chromatography(TLC)
A. Gas-chromatography-mass
B. Spectrophotometry (GC-MS)
P4. Which of the following is considered as good Cholesterol?
A. LDL
B. HDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylocmicrons
E. Sphingilipids
B. HDL
P5. Which of the following is used to determine the state of glycemia in diabetic patient
over the preceding 8-12 weeks?
A. Fasting Blood Glucose
B. Random Blood Glucose
C. Glycosylated Hgb(HbA1c)
D. Serum Fructosamine
E. None of the Above
C. Glycosylated Hgb(HbA1c)
P6. Which of the following plasma proteins binds to hemoglobin?
A.Haptoglobin
B. Albumin
C. C3
D. Fibrinogen
E. None of the Above
A.Haptoglobin
P7. Which of the following isoenzymes of the creatinine kinase is more specific in the
diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction?
A.) CK1 or BB
B.) CK2 or MB
C.) CK3 or MM
D.) A & D
E.) B & C
B.) CK2 or MB
P8. The primary storage form of iron is?
A. Apotransferrin
B. Transferrin
C. Ferritin
D. Hemosiderin E. Myoglobin
C. Ferritin
P9. The presence of slight visible hemolysis can significantly increase the serum level of
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Chloride
D. Bicarbonate
E. Calcium
B. Potassium
P10. The Jaffe reaction is the basis form most commonly performed method for the
quantitation of
A. Urea
B. Uric Acid
C. Ammonia
D. Creatinine
E Protein
D. Creatinine
