Clinical Anatomy of Reproductive System

Question 1

Gametes

Answer 1

Haploid cell
Male –> Spermatozoa, Testes
Females –> Oocyte, Ovaries

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

Diploid cell produced during fertilisation
Fusion of male and female gametes

Question 3

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 3

Within bony pelvis
Continuous with abdominal cavity
Between pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet

Question 4

Pelvic Floor - Composition, Separates, Openings (3)

Answer 4

Internal Wall of skeletal muscle
Separates pelvic cavity and perineum
Openings –> Distal alimentary, reproductive and renal tracts can pass through

Question 5

Perineum

Answer 5

Inferior to pelvic floor
Between proximal parts of lower limbs

Question 6

Pelvic Roof

Answer 6

Formed by parietal peritoneum

Question 7

Parietal Peritoneum

Answer 7

Lining of abdominal cavity
Firmly attached to walls
Drapes over pelvic viscera

Question 8

Pouches in Female Pelvis

Answer 8

Serous membrane - secretes peritoneal fluid
Vesicouterine pouch
Rectouterine

Question 9

Peritoneum

Answer 9

Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Question 10

Female Perineum (5)

Answer 10

Pubic Mound
Passing through pelvic floor
External urethral orifice
Vaginal orifice
Anus

Question 11

Female Reproductive System

Answer 11

Female Reproductive Organs –> Ovaries
Accessory Reproductive Organs –> Uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

Ovum released and fimbriae collect into uterine tubes

Question 12

Uterus layers (3)

Answer 12

Perimetrium - external

Myometrium - muscle layer, contractions

Endometrium - internal, thickens during menstruation, shed)

Question 13

Uterus Position (2)

Answer 13

Anteverted – cervix tipper anteriorly relative to axis of vagina (posterior)

Anteflexed – uterus tipped anteriorly relative to axis of cervix

Question 14

Female Pelvis - Arteries

Answer 14

Ovarian Artery
Internal Iliac artery –> uterine artery –> vaginal artery
Anastomoses

Question 15

Fertilisation

Answer 15

Ova develops in ovaries

Ovum released from ovary surface into peritoneal cavity

Gathered by fimbriae then along uterine tube (cilia)

Fertilisation via sperm

Implantation in endometrium

Question 16

Ectopic Pregnancy

Answer 16

Fertilised ovum implants outwith uterine cavity

Risk of haemorrhage

Question 17

Female Sterilisation

Answer 17

Tubal Ligation
STIs and STDs

Question 18

Male Perineum (6)

Answer 18

Penis
Scrotum
Anus
Urethra
Prepuce
External Urethral orifice

Question 19

Testes - Development

Answer 19

Testis originate on posterior wall of abdominal cavity

Birth - testes descended into scrotum through inguinal canal

Vas deferens - tube that sperm pass through and connects to urethra

Question 20

Spermatogenesis

Answer 20

Sperms produced in seminiferous tubules

Sperm pass to rete testis where they go epididymis head

Involuntary control - testis closer or further away from body (depends on temp)

Question 21

Spermatic Cord

Answer 21

Vas deferens
Testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 22

Torsion of Testis

Answer 22

Twisting of spermatic cord can result in blood blockage and possible necrosis

Question 23

Penis

Answer 23

3 cylinders of erectile tissue (filled with blood at arterial pressure during erection)

Question 24

Male Reproductive System

Answer 24

Male Reproductive Organs = Testes
Accessory reproductive organs = Vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate gland and penis

Sperm –> Vas Deferens –> Spermatic Cord –> Seminal Gland –> Ejaculatory duct –> Prostate gland –> Urethra –> External urethral meatus of penis

Question 25

Vasectomy

Answer 25

Vas deferens transfected