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Climate Final Flashcards

1
Q

Climate defintion

A

average weather conditions that occur in a region over a long period of time.

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2
Q

Open system

A

Both energy and matter are exchanged

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3
Q

closed system

A

Energy is exchanged between the system and the surroundings. Matter is not

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4
Q

Isolated system

A

neither energy not matter are exchanged between the system and surroundings.

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5
Q

What system is earth in?

A

Closed system

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6
Q

Biosphere defenition

A

thin layer of air, land, and water or near earths surface that supports life.

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7
Q

Atmosphere

A

air composed of a mixture of diff gases

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8
Q

what gases is the air composed of

A

78 percent nitrogen, 20 percent oxygen

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9
Q

Lithosphere

A

Land that extends about 100km below the surface

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10
Q

hydrosphere

A

All the water on earth, surfaces and ground water, clouds, frozen water

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11
Q

solar energy is a form of

A

radiant energy

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12
Q

Angle of inclination

A

earth rotating in a tilt.

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13
Q

equinox

A

2 points of earths orbit when the number of daylight hours is equal to the number of hours of night.

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14
Q

Angle of incidence

A

is the angle at which the sunlight hits the Earth. It’s the angle between the Sun’s rays and the ground

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15
Q

lower latitudes

A

incoming solarradiation is focused onto one point

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16
Q

higher latitudes

A

incoming solar radiation is spread over a large surface causing less heating

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17
Q

what are the 3 main climate zones

A

Tropical,temperate,Polar

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18
Q

tropical zones

A

nearly perpendicular, warm temp

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19
Q

Temperate zones

A

small angle of incidence, moderate temp

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20
Q

polar zones

A

smaller angle of incidence,cold temps all year round

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21
Q

Radiant energy that reaches the earths atmosphere can be

A

reflected or absorbed by al the components of the biosphere

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22
Q

what percent of the energy is reflected

A

30%

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23
Q

what percent of the energy is absorbed

A

70%

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24
Q

albedo affect

A

percent of solar radiation

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25
Q

greenhouse effect

A

solar radiation that was already absorbed can be trapped by greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.

26
Q

what are the greenhouse gases

A

H20, CO2, Ch2,N2O,O

27
Q

all the re-immited energy is reffered to as

A

Thermal Infrared radiation

28
Q

radiation

A

emission of energy as particles or waves

29
Q

conduction

A

transfer of heat through direct contact

30
Q

convenction

A

Transfer of heat through movement

31
Q

Thermal energy transfer in the atmosphere occurs through

A

convection currents

32
Q

are equatorial regions warmer or cooler?

A

warmer

33
Q

are polar regions warmer or cooler?

A

cooler

34
Q

what is the Coriolis effect

A

is the deflectiom of convection currents in the atmosphere by the spinning of the earth

35
Q

jet streams

A

are currents of extremely fast moving air in the stratosphere formed by convection currents.

36
Q

thermal energy transfers in the hydrosphere occurs through

A

ocean currents.

37
Q

cool water travels

A

down towards the equator

38
Q

warm water travels

A

upwards towards the poles

39
Q

which way do water currents travel in the northern hemisphere

A

clockwise

40
Q

moisture in the air can increase

A

precipitation and fog

41
Q

sea breezes blow cool air towards the ____ during the ____

A

Land,Day

42
Q

Warm air rising from the land is replaced by

A

cool air coming of the water

43
Q

Land breezes blow cool ai towards the ___ during the ____

A

Sea, NIght

44
Q

at night water stays

A

warm

45
Q

at night land

A

cools down

46
Q

Orographic precipitation

A

Moisture that is released from air that is pushed up the side of mountains by wind

47
Q

The warm, fast, moving air on the other side of the mountain is called a

A

chinook

48
Q

what system is a biome in

A

open

49
Q

hierarchical organization of life

A

biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, individual

50
Q

what terrestrial biome has high precipitation with high temps

A

tropical rainforest

51
Q

what terrestrial biome has high precipitation with moderate temps

A

decidous forest

52
Q

what terrestrial biome has high precipitation with low temps

A

taiga

53
Q

what terrestrial biome has low precipitation with high temps

A

desert

54
Q

what terrestrial biome has low precipitation with moderate temps

A

grasslands

55
Q

what terrestrial biome has low precipitation with low temps

A

Tundra

56
Q

tundra characteristics and living species

A

-low temps
-artic foxes, polar bear
-artic willow

57
Q

Grasslands characteristics and living species

A

-giraffe,zebra,grass

58
Q

Deciduous forests characteristics and living species

A

-Rich in moisture
-loose leaves and soil ir rich in minerals
-Moose, Brown Bear, Mountains

59
Q

taiga characteristics and living species

A

-high precipitaion
-long cold winters and short summers
-deer,moose, pine, spruce

60
Q

tropical rain forest characteristics and living species

A

-hot, Moist,
-Toucan
-jaguar,Passionfruit

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